TNR	Trap–Neuter–Return (TNR) includes synonymous terminology in the literature: Trap-Neuter-Release, Trap-Neuter-Vaccinate-Return, Trap-Castrate-Return, Trap-Vasectomize-Return, and Trap-Spay-Return.
Neuter	Terminology synonymous with ‘castrate, spay, sterilize, desex’, etc.
Pet cats	Also ‘owned cats’. Cats that receive food, shelter and medical care from an owner(s).
Stray cats	Sensu [4]. Also ‘semi-feral, street/alley cats’, also ‘feral’ in some countries including Italy, USA, UK. Cats that are born ‘on the streets’ of urban environments and cats that were owned by people at some point but have been abandoned or become separated from their owners. Stray cats move freely within urban environments and can choose their level of association with people by adjusting their temporal or spatial activity patterns. Stray cats can be dispersed broadly across urban environments and/or be locally concentrated around specific resources such as dockyards/quays, refuse tips and bush reserves (i.e., ‘colony’ cats).
Colony cats	Also ‘fed cats’. Stray cats that are deliberately provided with food at one or more locations are classified as belonging to a ‘colony’, whether they permanently or temporarily congregate around these resources.
Feral cats	In literature from the USA and UK, stray cats in urban areas are often termed ‘feral’ (sensu [4]). However, in Australian literature, feral cats are totally wild animals that live and breed beyond the periphery of human settlements, surviving without human interactions or resources. Animal shelters (including some in Australia) sometimes also use the term ‘feral’ to describe cats with ‘wild’ aggressive temperaments, regardless of ownership history [40]. For consistency with Australian literature, we distinguish between stray cats in urban areas and feral cats in rural environments.
Caretakers	People who deliberately feed stray cats and may provide treatment for injuries, illness or parasites. Maintain ≥1 cat colonies that may or may not be part of organized TNR programs. Caretakers are normally female with a median age of 45–58 [59,63]. Also termed ‘semi-owners’ or ‘casual owners’.