Figure 3.

(A) Formation of a fast binding fuzzy complex between nucleoporin (red cartoon) and importinβ (grey surface), simulated using an all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; the binding sites on importin β and nucleoporin are colored in orange and cyan respectively; reproduced with permission from [101] (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.047) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY); http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (B) schematic demonstration of conformational selection and induced fit binding mechanisms; in the absence of binding partner, the IDP switches between the non-binding (blue) and binding (red) conformations; in conformational selection, the IDP binds to the partner protein in the binding conformation without any structural rearrangement; for induced fit binding, the IDP initially encounters the partner using the non-binding conformation, then adopts the binding conformation in presence of the partner; reproduced with permission from ref. [108] (C) coarse-grain free energy landscape showing a combined conformational selection and induced fit binding of a disordered C terminal segment of the measles virus nucleoprotein to the X domain of the measles virus phosphoprotein; reproduced with permission from ref. [103]; Copyright 2013 national Academy of Sciences.