Table 2.
Effect of pigeon parent sex on squab behavior during the brooding period.
| Parameters (Frequencies All over the Experiment) | Groups | SEM | F-Value | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brooding by both Parents | Brooding by Males Only | Brooding by Females Only | ||||
| Clutching | 11.07 c | 26.09 a | 20.11 b | 0.10 | 2582.02 | 0.00 |
| Head waggle | 10.10 c | 34.11 a | 24.12 b | 0.10 | 4963.14 | 0.00 |
| Squab note | 8.06 b | 21.11 a | 21.11 a | 0.13 | 857.59 | 0.00 |
| Squab wing shake | 9.13 b | 14.11 a | 14.11 a | 0.14 | 183.52 | 0.00 |
| Bill searching | 8.27 b | 19.13 a | 19.17 a | 0.07 | 4080.35 | 0.00 |
| Nest defecation | 10.19 a | 7.08 b | 7.17 b | 0.10 | 157.45 | 0.015 |
| Bill snapping | 10.11 b | 25.11 a | 25.16 a | 0.07 | 480.16 | 0.003 |
| Hissing and puffing | 7.18 c | 28.13 a | 20.18 b | 0.12 | 4010.08 | 0.00 |
| Squeaker notes | 9.19 b | 23.09 a | 23.11 a | 0.12 | 2080.45 | 0.00 |
a–c Means bearing different superscript letters within the same row are significantly different (p <0.05) SEM: Standard error of the means.