Table 3.
Effect of different fostering methods on squab’s behavior during the brooding period.
| Parameters (Frequencies All over the Experiment) | Groups | SEM | F-Value | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parents-Reared | Foster Pigeons-Reared | Human-Reared | ||||
| Clutching | 10.2 c | 25.33 a | 15.13 b | 0.21 | 650.16 | 0.00 |
| Head waggle | 9.13 c | 33.10 a | 20.10 b | 0.11 | 4100.1 | 0.00 |
| Squab note | 9.10 c | 35.16 a | 22.19 b | 0.11 | 6830.24 | 0.00 |
| Squab wing shake | 8.12 c | 23.15 a | 22.17 b | 0.12 | 2790.4 | 0.013 |
| Bill searching | 11.13 c | 34.14 a | 33.10 b | 0.09 | 391.59 | 0.002 |
| Nest defecation | 8.11 a | 5.00 b | 8.00 a | 0.12 | 96.03 | 0.00 |
| Bill snapping | 9.09 c | 31.15 a | 27.13 b | 0.13 | 2330.14 | 0.00 |
| Hissing and puffing | 6.08 c | 28.11 a | 27.13 b | 0.08 | 4160.26 | 0.00 |
| Squeaker notes | 8.08 c | 30.0 a | 27.11 b | 0.10 | 7660.07 | 0.00 |
a–c Means bearing different superscript letters within the same row are significantly different (p <0.05) SEM: Standard error of the means.