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. 2018 Dec 6;17(6):1069–1080. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13038

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© 2018 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Production of Aspergillus giganteus AFP (AgAFP) in the apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. (a) Appearance of N. benthamiana leaves 7 days after agroinoculation with the indicated constructs. (b) Analysis of AgAFP accumulation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) from two independent plants (1 and 2) by Western blot immunodetection using anti‐AFP‐specific antibodies. Purified AgAFP (250 ng) from A. giganteus cultures was run in parallel as a control (AFP[Ag]). Molecular weight markers are shown in kDa on the left. (c) Antifungal activity of ECFs containing AFP[Nb] against Penicillium digitatum. Dose–response curves of the fungal growth inhibitory activity of AFP[Nb] ECF in comparison to GFP[Nb] ECF. Data shown represent the mean ± SD of three biological replicates after 72 h of incubation with the indicated amounts of AFP.