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. 2019 Apr 10;8(4):95. doi: 10.3390/antiox8040095

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Time course of plasma flavonoids, catechin (A), quercetin (B), naringenin (C), kaempferol (D), isorhamnetin (E), and total (F) in older adults after acute intake of skim milk vehicle (C) and 450 (H) mg GAE ASP. The data are presented as the percent change from the respective baseline (0 h). The baseline concentrations of catechin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and total were 17.0 ± 4.0, 7.3 ± 1.2, 11.5 ± 5.7, 10.1 ± 3.2, 2.3 ± 0.4, and 48.1 ± 9.3 ng/mL, respectively. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7. Means with a mark are significantly different from that of the baseline, p ≤ 0.05, tested using PROC GLM, followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) multi-comparison test. ASP: almond skin polyphenols; GAE: gallic acid equivalents.

Time course of plasma flavonoids, catechin (A), quercetin (B), naringenin (C), kaempferol (D), isorhamnetin (E), and total (F) in older adults after acute intake of skim milk vehicle (C) and 450 (H) mg GAE ASP. The data are presented as the percent change from the respective baseline (0 h). The baseline concentrations of catechin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and total were 17.0 ± 4.0, 7.3 ± 1.2, 11.5 ± 5.7, 10.1 ± 3.2, 2.3 ± 0.4, and 48.1 ± 9.3 ng/mL, respectively. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7. Means with a mark are significantly different from that of the baseline, p ≤ 0.05, tested using PROC GLM, followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) multi-comparison test. ASP: almond skin polyphenols; GAE: gallic acid equivalents.