Table 3.

Atomic percentages of outermost ∼10 nm of metallized bacterial cells determined by XPS.

Sample	Ru	Pd	C	0	N	S	Cl	P	Ca
E. coli 5%Pd/4.7%Ru∗	2.42	0.14	71.48	19.81	4.30	0	0	0.80	0
D. desulfuricans 5%Pd/3%Ru	1.03	0.12	68.88	21.44	5.18	0.38	0.17	0.38	0.21
CAS 5% Ru	1.40	0	64.37	21.95	7.08	1.18	0	0.41	0
CAS 5%Pd/5%Ru	5.30	0.41	64.36	18.78	6.01	3.55	0.11	1.39	0

^∗E. coli was included as a comparator Gram negative bacterium that is non-sulfidogenic (Gomez-Bolivar et al., in review). The low content of the Pd at the cell surface is attributable to internalization into the lower cellular layers beyond the detection of XPS.