Table 2.
Top 20 metabolites associated with FEV1 at Bonferroni significance (p < 1.4 × 10−4) in meta-analysis *.
| Meta-Analysis | ARIC African Ancestry (n = 2354) | ARIC European Ancestry (n = 1529) | KORA (n = 859) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | Super Pathway | Beta + | SE | P | Direction ** | Beta | SE | P | Beta | SE | P | Beta | SE | P |
| glycine | Amino Acid | 38.8 | 7.0 | 3.6 × 10−8 | +++ | 39.1 | 9.4 | 3.7 × 10−5 | 39.0 | 13.1 | 3.0 × 10−3 | 37.8 | 18.0 | 3.6 × 10−2 |
| 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate | Amino Acid | −37.2 | 7.7 | 1.4 × 10−6 | −−− | −32.9 | 10.0 | 9.9 × 10−4 | −26.9 | 15.2 | 7.6 × 10−2 | −73.5 | 20.3 | 3.1 × 10−4 |
| 3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate) | Amino Acid | 32.7 | 6.8 | 1.5 × 10−6 | +++ | 20.9 | 9.5 | 2.8 × 10−2 | 42.0 | 11.9 | 4.2 × 10−4 | 51.2 | 16.9 | 2.5 × 10−3 |
| 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) | Amino Acid | −36.2 | 7.5 | 1.6 × 10−6 | −−− | −41.2 | 9.8 | 2.8 × 10−5 | −38.0 | 15.0 | 1.2 × 10−2 | −14.7 | 18.9 | 4.4 × 10−1 |
| asparagine | Amino Acid | 31.1 | 6.8 | 5.2 × 10−6 | ++− | 29.8 | 9.2 | 1.2 × 10−3 | 54.0 | 12.7 | 2.2 × 10−5 | −5.4 | 16.9 | 7.5 × 10−1 |
| alpha-hydroxyisovalerate | Amino Acid | −30.9 | 7.0 | 8.9 × 10−6 | −−− | −24.4 | 9.0 | 6.8 × 10−3 | −32.2 | 13.9 | 2.1 × 10−2 | −53.7 | 17.7 | 2.5 × 10−3 |
| glutamine | Amino Acid | 29.0 | 7.0 | 3.6 × 10−5 | +++ | 32.5 | 9.6 | 7.3 × 10−4 | 35.2 | 12.9 | 6.7 × 10−3 | 7.4 | 17.0 | 6.6 × 10−1 |
| isoleucine | Amino Acid | −28.9 | 7.4 | 1.0 × 10−4 | −−− | −28.9 | 9.4 | 2.2 × 10−3 | −34.8 | 14.5 | 1.7 × 10−2 | −15.3 | 21.8 | 4.8 × 10−1 |
| serotonin (5HT) | Amino Acid | 26.2 | 6.9 | 1.4 × 10−4 | +++ | 33.2 | 9.0 | 2.4 × 10−4 | 14.0 | 13.4 | 3.0 × 10−1 | 20.5 | 17.2 | 2.3 × 10−1 |
| glycerate | Carbohydrate | 31.7 | 7.0 | 5.8 × 10−6 | ++− | 39.2 | 9.3 | 2.8 × 10−5 | 43.8 | 13.5 | 1.2 × 10−3 | −11.0 | 16.7 | 5.1 × 10−1 |
| lactate | Carbohydrate | −30.4 | 6.9 | 1.1 × 10−5 | −−− | −27.7 | 9.3 | 2.9 × 10−3 | −36.4 | 12.7 | 4.1 × 10−3 | −28.4 | 17.7 | 1.1 × 10−1 |
| fructose | Carbohydrate | −27.6 | 6.7 | 3.8 × 10−5 | −−− | −28.6 | 8.5 | 8.2 × 10−4 | −39.2 | 14.3 | 6.3 × 10−3 | −8.2 | 16.7 | 6.2 × 10−1 |
| mannose | Carbohydrate | −27.4 | 7.0 | 9.9 × 10−5 | −−− | −33.1 | 8.9 | 2.0 × 10−4 | −21.2 | 14.9 | 1.5 × 10−1 | −12.5 | 18.1 | 4.9 × 10−1 |
| glycerol | Lipid | −36.4 | 7.2 | 4.7 × 10−7 | −−− | −36.5 | 9.5 | 1.3 × 10−4 | −43.0 | 14.0 | 2.1 × 10−3 | −24.8 | 18.2 | 1.7 × 10−1 |
| 7-alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate (7-Hoca) | Lipid | −30.4 | 6.9 | 9.5 × 10−6 | −−− | −18.6 | 9.4 | 4.8 × 10−2 | −33.0 | 12.5 | 8.2 × 10−1 | −63.7 | 16.9 | 1.8 × 10−4 |
| N2,N2-dimethylguanosine | Nucleotide | −32.3 | 7.2 | 6.4 × 10−6 | −−− | −22.6 | 9.7 | 2.0 × 10−2 | −58.5 | 13.6 | 1.9 × 10−5 | −21.6 | 16.9 | 2.0 × 10−1 |
| pseudouridine | Nucleotide | −33.8 | 7.6 | 8.9 × 10−6 | −−− | −29.9 | 10.1 | 3.1 × 10−3 | −21.8 | 14.9 | 1.4 × 10−1 | −65.3 | 18.4 | 4.1 × 10−4 |
| gamma-glutamylthreonine | Peptide | 36.3 | 6.8 | 1.0 × 10−7 | +++ | 34.2 | 8.8 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 52.6 | 13.9 | 1.6 × 10−4 | 20.0 | 16.8 | 2.4 × 10−1 |
| gamma-glutamylleucine | Peptide | 34.8 | 7.0 | 5.6 × 10−7 | +++ | 34.4 | 8.8 | 9.6 × 10−5 | 40.6 | 13.6 | 2.9 × 10−3 | 23.7 | 20.5 | 2.5 × 10−1 |
| gamma-glutamylvaline | Peptide | 31.8 | 6.9 | 4.1 × 10−6 | +++ | 30.9 | 8.8 | 4.8 × 10−4 | 43.2 | 13.4 | 1.3 × 10−3 | 11.6 | 19.9 | 5.6 × 10−1 |
* Top 20 metabolites, based on meta-analysis p value, measured in all three populations are shown in this table; a total of 30 met Bonferroni correction. All 95 metabolites associated with FEV1 at FDR < 0.05 are shown in Supplementary Table S1. + Regression coefficient: mL difference in FEV1 per SD change of the metabolite levels. ** Direction of effect: the first, second and third +, or − refers to the direction of effect in ARIC African ancestry, ARIC European ancestry and KORA.