Table 3.
Top 20 metabolites associated with FVC at Bonferroni significance (p < 1.4 × 10−4) in meta-analysis *.
| Meta-Analysis | ARIC African-Ancestry (n = 2354) | ARIC European Ancestry (n = 1529) | KORA (n = 859) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | Super Pathway | Beta + | SE | P | Direction ** | Beta | SE | P | Beta | SE | P | Beta | SE | P |
| glycine | Amino Acid | 56.9 | 8.0 | 9.6 × 10−13 | +++ | 58.4 | 10.9 | 8.9 × 10−8 | 61.2 | 14.7 | 3.4 × 10−5 | 44.6 | 19.3 | 2.1 × 10−2 |
| isoleucine | Amino Acid | −53.8 | 8.4 | 1.7 × 10−10 | −−− | −47.0 | 10.9 | 1.6 × 10−5 | −69.7 | 16.3 | 2.0 × 10−5 | −52.0 | 23.2 | 2.5 × 10−2 |
| N-acetylglycine | Amino Acid | 44.3 | 7.9 | 2.4 × 10−8 | +++ | 43.8 | 11.1 | 8.5 × 10−5 | 49.8 | 14.3 | 5.0 × 10−4 | 36.4 | 18.8 | 5.3 × 10−2 |
| asparagine | Amino Acid | 41.6 | 7.7 | 7.0 × 10−8 | +++ | 42.7 | 10.6 | 6.0 × 10−5 | 62.6 | 14.3 | 1.3 × 10−5 | 4.4 | 18.1 | 8.1 × 10−1 |
| 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) | Amino Acid | −44.9 | 8.5 | 1.5 × 10−7 | −−− | −44.5 | 11.3 | 9.0 × 10−5 | −55.9 | 16.9 | 9.7 × 10−4 | −30.2 | 20.2 | 1.4 × 10−1 |
| glutamine | Amino Acid | 39.0 | 7.9 | 9.2 × 10−7 | +++ | 37.2 | 11.1 | 8.0 × 10−4 | 56.3 | 14.6 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 16.5 | 18.2 | 3.7 × 10−1 |
| 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate | Amino Acid | −42.6 | 8.7 | 1.1 × 10−6 | −−− | −35.2 | 11.5 | 2.3 × 10−3 | −32.9 | 17.1 | 5.4 × 10−2 | −84.3 | 21.7 | 1.1 × 10−4 |
| 3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate) | Amino Acid | 36.3 | 7.7 | 2.3 × 10−6 | +++ | 24.1 | 11.0 | 2.8 × 10−2 | 42.0 | 13.4 | 1.8 × 10−3 | 59.2 | 18.1 | 1.1 × 10−3 |
| tyrosine | Amino Acid | −35.2 | 8.0 | 1.2 × 10−5 | −−− | −24.5 | 10.5 | 2.0 × 10−2 | −42.8 | 16.2 | 8.2 × 10−3 | −61.6 | 19.6 | 1.8 × 10−3 |
| valine | Amino Acid | −33.9 | 8.1 | 3.1 × 10−5 | −−− | −36.4 | 10.5 | 5.3 × 10−4 | −33.7 | 16.3 | 3.9 × 10−2 | −24.2 | 21.2 | 2.5 × 10−1 |
| phenylalanine | Amino Acid | −33.2 | 8.0 | 3.3 × 10−5 | −−− | −26.2 | 10.4 | 1.2 × 10−2 | −37.3 | 16.2 | 2.2 × 10−2 | −52.3 | 19.7 | 8.2 × 10−3 |
| 5-oxoproline | Amino Acid | 31.4 | 7.8 | 5.9 × 10−5 | ++− | 42.8 | 10.6 | 5.7 × 10−5 | 44.7 | 14.9 | 2.7 × 10−3 | −22.4 | 18.2 | 2.2 × 10−1 |
| mannose | Carbohydrate | −41.1 | 8.0 | 2.5 × 10−7 | −−− | −52.1 | 10.2 | 3.8 × 10−7 | −39.4 | 16.8 | 1.9 × 10−2 | −3.6 | 19.4 | 8.5 × 10−1 |
| lactate | Carbohydrate | −38.4 | 7.8 | 8.9 × 10−7 | −−− | −33.6 | 10.7 | 1.8 × 10−3 | −45.8 | 14.3 | 1.4 × 10−3 | −40.3 | 18.9 | 3.3 × 10−2 |
| fructose | Carbohydrate | −32.3 | 7.6 | 2.2 × 10−5 | −−− | −39.5 | 9.8 | 6.2 × 10−5 | −31.9 | 16.2 | 4.9 × 10−2 | −9.0 | 17.9 | 6.2 × 10−1 |
| glucose | Carbohydrate | −30.7 | 7.7 | 6.3 × 10−5 | −−− | −37.1 | 9.5 | 9.7 × 10−5 | −21.0 | 18.0 | 2.4 × 10−1 | −16.1 | 18.7 | 3.9 × 10−1 |
| biliverdin | Cofactors and Vitamins | 31.0 | 7.9 | 8.6 × 10−5 | +++ | 31.0 | 11.5 | 7.1 × 10−3 | 28.0 | 13.5 | 3.8 × 10−2 | 36.2 | 18.1 | 4.6 × 10−2 |
| glycerol | Lipid | −33.4 | 8.2 | 4.6 × 10−5 | −−− | −39.1 | 11.0 | 4.0 × 10−4 | −36.1 | 15.7 | 2.2 × 10−2 | −11.4 | 19.5 | 5.6 × 10−1 |
| pseudouridine | Nucleotide | −38.5 | 8.6 | 7.8 × 10−6 | −−− | −35.4 | 11.7 | 2.4 × 10−3 | −29.6 | 16.7 | 7.7 × 10−2 | −59.8 | 19.8 | 2.6 × 10−3 |
| urate | Nucleotide | −35.3 | 8.3 | 2.1× 10−5 | −−− | −38.2 | 11.1 | 5.9 × 10−4 | −26.2 | 14.8 | 7.7 × 10−2 | −45.3 | 23.5 | 5.4 × 10−2 |
* Top 20 metabolites (based on meta-analysis p value) measured in all three populations are shown in this table: a total of 37 met Bonferroni correction. All 100 metabolites associated with FVC at FDR < 0.05 were shown in Supplementary Table S2. + Regression coefficient: mL difference in FVC per SD change of the metabolite levels. ** Direction of effect: the first, second and third + or − refers to the direction of effect in ARIC African ancestry, ARIC European ancestry and KORA.