Table 6.
Metabolites associated with COPD at FDR < 0.05 in meta-analysis *.
| Meta-analysis | ARIC African Ancestry (n = 2354) |
ARIC European Ancestry (n = 1529) |
KORA (n = 859) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | Super Pathway | OR + (95% CI) |
P | Direction ** | OR (95% CI) |
P | OR (95% CI) |
P | OR (95% CI) |
P |
| 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate | Amino Acid | 1.28 (1.14, 1.44) |
3.6 × 10−5 | +++ | 1.28 (1.09, 1.51) |
3.2 × 10−3 | 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) |
2.3 × 10−1 | 1.76 (1.28, 2.42) |
4.6 × 10−4 |
| 3-methoxytyrosine | Amino Acid | 1.19 (1.1, 1.3) |
4.1 × 10−5 | +++ | 1.19 (1.08, 1.3) |
2.5 × 10−4 | 1.11 (0.79, 1.55) |
5.4 × 10−1 | 1.36 (1, 1.85) |
4.6 × 10−2 |
| homocitrulline | Amino Acid | 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) |
8.5 × 10−4 | ++− | 1.26 (1.09, 1.47) |
2.5 × 10−3 | 1.21 (1, 1.47) |
5.3 × 10−2 | 0.95 (0.66, 1.39) |
8.1 × 10−1 |
| serotonin (5HT) | Amino Acid | 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) |
1.7 × 10−3 | −−− | 0.8 (0.67, 0.94) |
7.7 × 10−3 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) |
1.4 × 10−1 | 0.82 (0.57, 1.19) |
3.0 × 10−1 |
| ornithine | Amino Acid | 1.2 (1.07, 1.34) |
1.9 × 10−3 | +++ | 1.06 (0.9, 1.24) |
5.0 × 10−1 | 1.4 (1.17, 1.68) |
2.7 × 10−4 | 1.21 (0.85, 1.73) |
2.8 × 10−1 |
| glycerate | Carbohydrate | 0.8 (0.71, 0.91) |
3.3 × 10−4 | −−+ | 0.77 (0.65, 0.92) |
3.9 × 10−3 | 0.77 (0.64, 0.92) |
5.2 × 10−3 | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) |
5.4 × 10−1 |
| succinylcarnitine | Energy | 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) |
1.4 × 10−3 | +++ | 1.17 (1, 1.37) |
5.3 × 10−2 | 1.32 (1.08, 1.6) |
6.3 × 10−3 | 1.09 (0.74, 1.61) |
6.7 × 10−1 |
| oleoylcarnitine | Lipid | 1.22 (1.1, 1.35) |
1.6 × 10−4 | +++ | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) |
6.1 × 10−4 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) |
1.3 × 10−1 | 1.2 (0.89, 1.62) |
2.3 × 10−1 |
| 5-dodecenoate (12:1n7) | Lipid | 1.23 (1.1, 1.37) |
1.9 × 10−4 | +++ | 1.27 (1.09, 1.48) |
1.7 × 10−3 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.36) |
1.5 × 10−1 | 1.33 (0.97, 1.81) |
7.7 × 10−2 |
| docosahexaenoate (DHA, 22:6n3) | Lipid | 0.79 (0.7, 0.9) |
2.6 × 10−4 | −−+ | 0.85 (0.72, 1) |
4.6 × 10−2 | 0.63 (0.51, 0.78) |
3.3 × 10−5 | 1.11 (0.78, 1.6) |
5.5 × 10−1 |
| androsterone sulfate | Lipid | 0.81 (0.71, 0.91) |
8.2 × 10−4 | −−− | 0.9 (0.75, 1.08) |
2.4 × 10−1 | 0.79 (0.66, 0.95) |
1.4 × 10−2 | 0.36 (0.21, 0.63) |
2.8 × 10−4 |
| 7-alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate (7-Hoca) | Lipid | 1.19 (1.07, 1.33) |
1.0 × 10−3 | +++ | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) |
9.3 × 10−2 | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) |
1.3 × 10−2 | 1.29 (0.94, 1.76) |
1.2 × 10−1 |
| glycerol | Lipid | 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) |
1.0 × 10−3 | +++ | 1.21 (1.02, 1.42) |
2.4 × 10−2 | 1.2 (0.99, 1.45) |
6.4 × 10−2 | 1.28 (0.94, 1.75) |
1.2 × 10−1 |
| pseudouridine | Nucleotide | 1.23 (1.08, 1.39) |
1.2 × 10−3 | +++ | 1.23 (1.04, 1.44) |
1.5 × 10−2 | 1.22 (0.98, 1.53) |
7.7 × 10−2 | 1.27 (0.86, 1.86) |
2.3 × 10−1 |
| theophylline | Xenobiotics | 1.26 (1.17, 1.36) |
1.3 × 10−9 | +++ | 1.25 (1.14, 1.37) |
3.1 × 10−6 | 1.25 (1.09, 1.45) |
2.0 × 10−3 | 1.39 (1.07, 1.81) |
1.4 × 10−2 |
| 1-methylurate | Xenobiotics | 1.21 (1.1, 1.33) |
1.3 × 10−4 | +++ | 1.22 (1.07, 1.4) |
3.7 × 10−3 | 1.23 (1.06, 1.44) |
7.6 × 10−3 | 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) |
8.3 × 10−1 |
* Metabolites measured in all three populations were shown in this table. All metabolites associations with COPD were shown in Supplementary Table S7. + Odds ratio: difference in COPD odds per SD change in the metabolite levels. ** Direction of effect: the first, second and third +, or − refers to the direction of effect in ARIC African ancestry, ARIC European ancestry and KORA.