Figure 6.

Free sialic acid chains prevent the outlined inhibitory effects of α2,8-sialylated particles. (A) Fluorescence staining (DAPI; blue) of isolated human neutrophils stimulated with 20 nM PMA and coincubated with α2,8-sialylated particles or free sialic acid chains in combination with α2,8-sialylated nanoparticles. Upper scale bar: 100 µm, lower scale bar: 20 µm. (B) Analysis of the NET area (%). Analysis was performed on three different experimental approaches using Cell Profiler 2.2.0. NETosis area (%) was calculated by determining the blue fluorescent areas (DAPI). PMA stimulation was set to 100%. Mean values and standard deviations are displayed in the diagrams. ANOVA and multiple comparison Tukey test were applied. Significant differences are given as follows: ns, not significant, * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01.