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JCOG1109 study design. Patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer were randomized to any of the three arms consisting of arm A (preoperative CF), arm B (preoperative DCF), and arm C (preoperative CF‐RT), followed by surgery. Primary endpoint was overall survival. CF, cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU); CF‐RT, radiotherapy with CF; DCF, docetaxel, cisplatin plus 5‐FU; JCOG, Japan Clinical Oncology Group
