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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 17.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018 Aug 17;20(10):89. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0889-4

Table 1:

Mechanisms of mitoprotection in hypertension

Mechanisms of mitoprotection Target
Stimulation of mitochondrial energy production

  • Cardiolipin protective peptides (elamipretide)

 Cardiolipin

  • Regulators of fatty acid oxidation

 CPT-1, PPAR-α

  • Indole acetic derivatives (MA-5)

 Mitofillin
Regulation of mitochondrial redox status

  • TPP+-conjugated compounds (coenzyme-Q)

 Superoxide, Hydrogen peroxide

  • TPP+-conjugated compounds (TEMPO)

 Superoxide

  • Iron chelators (tiron)

 Iron, Superoxide
Modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis

  • Biogenesis activators

 PGC-1α

  • Fusion promoters

 OPA-1

  • Fission inhibitors

 DRP-1
Attenuation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis

  • mPTP inhibitors

 Cyclophilin-D, Cardiolipin

CPT: carnitine palmitoyltransferase, PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, MA: mitochonic acid, TTP: triphenylalkylphosphonium cation, PGC: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator, OPA: optic atrophy, DRP: dynamin related protein, mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore.