Table 24.

Inferred diagnosis of portal hypertension

Parameter	Change with portal hypertension
Clinical signs	Ascites Neurologic signs compatible with hepatic encephalopathy Pale mucous membranes
Suggestive clinical pathology	+/− Anemia Microcytosis Hyperammonemia Increased total serum bile acids Ascites: pure or modified transudate Decreased protein C activity
Ultrasound	Detection of APSS Decreased velocity or portal vein blood flow Hepatofugal flow in portal vein Portal vein/aortic <0.65 in the absence of a single CPSS

Abbreviation: APSS, acquired portosytemic shunts; CPSS, single congenital portosystemic shunt.