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. 2019 May 10;10:1042. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01042

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Copyright © 2019 Singh, Kumar and Al Khodor.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Vitamin D: sources, activation pathway, and importance in the human body: the major source of Vitamin D (UVB-sunlight) and the minor source (Dietary Vitamin D) are transported to liver and metabolized to its main circulating form (25-hydroxyvitamin D) which is measured in the serum in most assays (18, 42, 43). The activated form of Vitamin D is then synthesized in the kidney via hydroxylation to form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, also known as calcitriol (44, 45). Calcitriol has many functions including mineralization of bone matrix, enhancing absorption of calcium and phosphorous from small intestines, reducing autoimmunity and inflammation, and gene regulation (20, 46).