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. 2019 May 10;10:1042. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01042

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Copyright © 2019 Singh, Kumar and Al Khodor.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Factors influencing the microbial community composition in Humans. Maternal factors such as mother's nutritional status (use of pre or probiotics), mode of delivery (vaginal versus Cesarean section), gestation age at birth (full or preterm), feeding type (formula feeding or breastfeeding), and other exogenous factors such as diet and medication history, influence not only the gut microbial community but also its metabolic capacity. Other determinants of microbial composition include the age and immune health of the individual along with their genetic makeup (111).