Table 1.

Primers for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Gene	Primer sequences (5′–3′)	Product size (bp)
SUMO1	Forward: ATT GGA CAG GAT AGC AGT GAG A	165
	Reverse: TCC CAG TTC TTT CGG AGT ATG A
SUMO2	Forward: AAG GAA GGA GTC AAG ACT GAG AA	164
	Reverse: CGG AAT CTG ATC TGC CTC ATT G
SUMO3	Forward: GGC TCG GTG GTA CAG TTC AAG	105
	Reverse: CCG GAA TCG AAT CTG CCT CAT
UBC9	Forward: GAA CCC TGA TGG CAC AAT GAA	105
	Reverse: TTG AAA AGC ATC CGT AGC TTG A
GAPDH	Forward: AGG TCG GTG TGA ACG GAT TTG	123
	Reverse: TGT AGA CCA TGT AGT TGA GGT CA

SUMO: Small ubiquitin-like modifier; UBC9: ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.