Figure 1.

Intranasal HPV peptide vaccination enhances the therapeutic efficacy of α4–1BB and αCD40 antibodies. A, Mice were injected subcutaneously with mEER cells (1 × 10⁶) and when the tumors were palpable, received intranasal HPV peptide vaccination on days 6 and 12 along with intraperitoneal injections of α4–1BB, αCD40, αCTLA-4, αPD-1, or αOX40 at days 6, 9, and 12. The tumor growth (B) and survival (C) were monitored over time. The percentage of mice showing tumor regression is noted for each treatment (B). A Mantel–Cox test was performed to determine the significance of survival for each of the treatment groups relative to untreated group; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005; ****, P < 0.00005. Results represent pooled data from multiple experiments (n = 7–27 mice/group).