Figure 2.

(a) In-air (black) and in-PBS (red) phase angle-versus-frequency resonance spectra with an insert showing an optical micrograph of the PEPS, (b) ) relative resonance frequency shift, Δf/f, of the PMN-PT PEPS going through PBS step (0–30 min), the SMCC bonding step (30–65 min), the probe immobilization step(65–97 min), the MT detection step (97–127 min), the MT FRMs detection step (127–157 min), and the final PBS step (157–180 min) with an insert showing a schematic of the molecules involved in these steps, and (c) a schematic of flow system for in situ de-hybridization and detection of double-stranded DNA. Note the MT detection at 97–127 min in (b) involved only single-stranded MT for illustration of the various binding steps and did not involve the flow system shown in (c).