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. 2019 May 7;10:919. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00919

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Copyright © 2019 Tietzel, Quayle and Carabeo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differential induction of IDO protein in mϕ in response to infection and treatment. (A) Real-time PCR monitored mRNA expression of uninfected (empty bars) or infected (solid bars) mϕ types one day post-infection. ^∗∗p ≤ 0.001; ^∗p ≤ 0.035 for comparison to untreated resting mϕ using group-wise comparison and Relative Expression Software Tool (Pfaffl et al., 2002). (B) Western blots of resting macrophages (Rest), AA mϕ (AA), and CA mϕ without (-) exposure to or infected with (+) Chlamydia trachomatis L2 (CtrL2). (C) Immunoblots of protein levels of IDO1 (INDO) of mϕ left untreated (nil) or stimulated with Escherichia coli LPS (LPS), inoculated with heat-killed (hk) or viable (via) Chlamydia trachomatis. ß-Tubulin served as loading control.