Table 4.

Treatment group differences^∗.

		Excluded + risk-accepting passenger vs. Excluded + passive passenger (effect of risk-accepting passenger)				Excluded + risk-accepting passenger vs. Included (fair play) + risk-accepting passenger (effect of exclusion)
		Est.	95% CI		p-value	Est.	95% CI		p-value
Study 1: males (N = 112)	Failed to stop (OR)	2.09	1.14	3.81	0.02	0.63	0.35	1.12	0.11
	Percent time in red (β)	3.60	–0.72	7.93	0.10	–3.73	–8.22	0.75	0.10
	Pass slow vehicle (OR)	3.41	1.03	11.35	0.05	1.04	0.32	3.42	0.94
Study 2: females (N = 115)	Failed to stop (OR)	1.40	0.84	2.32	0.19	0.60	0.36	0.98	0.04
	Percent time in red (β)	2.56	–2.24	7.36	0.30	–5.30	–10.16	–0.45	0.03
	Pass slow vehicle (OR)	9.94	1.16	85.31	0.04	1.46	0.44	4.81	0.53

^∗Controlling for self-esteem; Odds ratio is the effect size for GLIMMIX model with binary outcomes and the beta is the effect size for mixed models. The significant (<0.05) p values are in bold.