Table 6. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the determinants of antibiotic use-related problems among patients admitted to the surgical ward of JUMC, from 24 April to 24 July 2017, Ethiopia.
| Variables | Categories | ABURPs | P value | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Yes (%) | ||||
| An indication of antibiotic use | Therapeutic | 67 (42.4) | 91 (57.6) | 1 | |
| SAP | 20 (20.6) | 77 (79.4) | < 0.0001 | 6.834 (3.025 15.439) | |
| Both therapeutic + SAP | 5 (11.1) | 40 (88.9) | < 0.0001 | 8.211 (2.215–30.44) | |
| Types or discipline of surgery | upper and lower GIT | 31 (36.0) | 55 (64.0) | 1 | |
| Breast | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | 0.06 | 0.121 (0.013–1.089) | |
| Urology | 12 (23.1) | 40 (76.9) | 0.464 | 1.738 (0.396–7.630) | |
| Cardiothoracic | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | .018 | .040 (0.003–0.571) | |
| biliary tract | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | .558 | .462 (0.035–6.106) | |
| head and neck | 19 (46.3) | 22 (53.7) | .180 | .420 (0.118–1.491) | |
| neurosurgery | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | .182 | .169 (0.012–2.299) | |
| skin and deep tissue | 12 (18.5) | 53 (81.5) | .603 | 1.317 (0.466–3.721) | |
| hernia repair | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | .522 | 2.229 (0.192–25.870) | |
| Other c | 4 (23.5) | 13 (76.5) | .828 | 0.844 (0.182–3.912) | |
| CDC wound class | Not applicable | 5 (35.7) | 9 (64.3) | 1 | |
| Class I | 18 (32.1) | 38 (67.9) | .016 | 14.939 (1.646–135.56) | |
| Class II | 20 (20.6) | 77 (79.4) | .002 | 33.555 (3.726–302.209) | |
| Class III | 20 (55.6) | 16 (44.4) | --- | ---- | |
| Class IV | 29 (29.9) | 68 (70.1) | .198 | 2.578 (0.609–10.912) | |
| Poly-pharmacy | No | 81 (34.5) | 154(65.5) | 1 | |
| Yes | 11 (16.9) | 54 (83.1) | .019 | 3.343 (1.224–9.133) | |
| antibiotic exposure | ≤ 2 | 85 (36.6) | 147(63.4) | 1 | |
| ≥ 3 | 7 (10.29) | 61 (89.71) | .006 | 4.838 (1.586–14.752) | |
| Overall clinical out-come of patients | Improved | 73 (28.5) | 183(71.5) | 1 | |
| LAMA | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | .202 | .168 (0.11–2.608) | |
| Referral | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.007 | .017 (0.001–0.327) | |
| Death in hospital | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | .911 | 1.110 (0.176–7.013) | |
| Not improved | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Overall Hospital stay (days) | ≤ 20 | 66 (40.49) | 97 (59.51) | 1 | |
| ≥ 21 | 26 (19.0) | 111 (81.0) | 0.007 | 3.526 (1.416–8.782) | |
N.B: ABURPs–antibiotic use-related problems, LAMA- left against medical advice, GIT- gastrointestinal tract, SAP- surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, AOR- adjusted odds ratio, CI- confidence interval, other c = orthopedic, vascular surgery, joint (biopsy), joint and bone, joint surgery