Table 1. Patient characteristics in the study population with and without symptomatic VTE.
| Characteristic | With symptomatic VTE ( N = 104) | Without symptomatic VTE ( N = 7,337) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD)—y | 77.0 (9.0) | 76.4 (8.4) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 43 (41.3) | 3,349 (45.6) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 94 (90.4) | 6,868 (93.6) |
| Black/African American | 3 (2.9) | 137 (1.9) |
| Asian | 0 (0.0) | 16 (0.2) |
| Others | 7 (6.7) | 316 (4.3) |
| Weight, mean (SD)—kg | 81.8 (19.8) | 80.3 (19.3) |
| Height, mean (SD)—cm | 166.4 (8.4) | 165.3 (9.1) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)—kg/m 2 | 29.5 (6.9) | 29.4 (6.6) |
| Creatinine clearance, n (%) | ||
| < 30 mL/min | 7 (6.7) | 316 (4.3) |
| ≥ 30 to < 60 mL/min | 46 (44.2) | 3,055 (41.7) |
| ≥ 60 to < 90 mL/min | 32 (30.8) | 2,595 (35.5) |
| ≥ 90 mL/min | 19 (18.3) | 1,352 (18.5) |
| Duration of hospitalization, median (Q1, Q3) a | 12.0 (7.0, 17.0) | 10.0 (8.0, 14.0) |
| Acute medical condition, n (%) | ||
| Heart failure | 34 (32.7) | 3,304 (45.0) |
| Respiratory failure | 20 (19.2) | 885 (12.1) |
| Infection | 33 (31.7) | 2,103 (28.7) |
| Rheumatic disorder | 3 (2.9) | 219 (3.0) |
| Ischemic stroke | 14 (13.5) | 824 (11.2) |
| IMPROVE VTE risk factor, n (%) | ||
| Previous VTE a | 17 (16.3) | 581 (7.9) |
| Known thrombophilia b | 0 (0.0) | 8 (0.1) |
| Current lower-limb paralysis | 7 (6.7) | 559 (7.6) |
| Current cancer | 3 (2.9) | 284 (3.9) |
| Immobilized ≥7 d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| ICU or CCU stay a | 21 (20.2) | 682 (9.3) |
| Age >60 y | 99 (95.2) | 7,037 (95.9) |
| IMPROVE score, n (%) a | ||
| 0 | 1 (1.0) | 119 (1.6) |
| 1 | 63 (60.6) | 5,322 (72.5) |
| 2 | 14 (13.5) | 561 (7.6) |
| 3 | 8 (7.7) | 777 (10.6) |
| 4 | 15 (14.4) | 463 (6.3) |
| ≥ 5 | 3 (2.9) | 95 (1.3) |
| IMPROVE score, median (Q1, Q3) a | 1.0 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) |
| D-dimer ≥ 2 × ULN, n (%) a | 75 (77.3) | 4,315 (60.5) |
Abbreviations: CCU, coronary care unit; ICU, intensive care unit; ULN, upper limit of normal; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
a
p < 0.05.
b
Defined as inherited or acquired disorder of hemostasis including antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency.