Table 1. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters for the study population.
| Parameter | Cases ( N = 89) | Controls ( N = 77) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age, y (SD) | 44 ± 11 | 42 ± 11 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 15 (17) | 19 (25) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Caucasian | 53 (59.6) | 47 (61) |
| African Caribbean | 32 (36) | 19 (24.7) |
| Other | 4 (4.5) | 11 (14.3) |
| Smokers, n (%) | 15 (17) | 10 (13) |
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130 ± 13 | 115 ± 12** |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79 ± 8 | 73 ± 9** |
| Mean BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 50.5 ± 6.9 | 24 ± 3** |
| Mean VAT (cm 2 ) | 242.75 ± 89.65 | 71.27 ± 28.15** |
| Mean SAT (cm 2 ) a | 710.97 ± 119.87 | 188.47 ± 88.55** |
| Mean height (cm) | 166 ± 8 | 168 ± 9 |
| Thrombophilia, n (%) | ||
| Present | 8 (9) | 7 (9.1) |
| FVL | 4 (4.5) | 1 (1.3) |
| PT G20210A | 1 (1.1) | 4 (5.2) |
| Lupus anticoagulant | 3 (3.4) | 2 (2.6) |
| Median glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 (4.9–6.6) | 4.8 (4.6–5.1)** |
| Mean fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 18.8 ± 10.4 | 3.9 ± 0.7** |
| Median HOMA IR | 4.6 (3.06–7.11) | 0.51 (0.41–1.07)** |
| Median triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9)** |
| Mean HDL (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4** |
| Mean LDL (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 |
| Mean total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 0.9 |
| Median adiponectin (ng/mL) | 5,366 (3,880–7,635) | 9,461(4,844–14,400)** |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FVL, factor V Leiden heterozygote; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; N, population; PT, prothrombin G20210A heterozygote; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue area; SD, standard deviation; VAT, visceral adipose tissue area; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
Notes: Continuous normally distributed data are presented as mean ± SD; nonnormally distributed data are presented as median (interquartile range). p -Values are based on unpaired Student t -test for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann–Whitney for nonnormally distributed continuous variables, and Fisher's exact test for nominal variables. Significant differences are indicated as follows: ** p < 0.001; *0.05 < p ≥ 0.001.
SAT measured in 69 cases only due to inability for 20 subjects to fit into CT scanner.