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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 17.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2018 Apr 25;118(11):5359–5391. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00195

Figure 21.

Figure 21.

Schematic illustration of pHLIP’s interaction with lipid bilayers at neutral and acidic pH. State I refers to the free peptide conformation at high pH. State II describes the adsorption of the unstructured peptide on the membrane surface. At state III, acidification allows the protonation of Asp residues with increased hydrophobicity and results in the formation of a transmembrane α-helix. Reprinted with permission from ref 283. Copyright 2010 National Academy of Sciences.