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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019 Mar 26;45(5):1056–1080. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.035

Fig. 7:

Fig. 7:

(Left) Initiation of a bubble cloud via shock scattering captured by shadowography. Ultrasound propagation is from left to right. The scattering bubble (dark cone, t = 0 frame) has been distorted due to the asymmetric incident shock wave (dark line). The large size of the scattering bubble compared to the shock thickness and the flattened surface allow strong scattering of the incident shock wave. Furthermore, the pressure release boundary condition of the bubble/gel interface invert the shock. The scattered, inverted wave nucleate cavitation proximal to the bubble. (Right) A shadowgraph sequence showing formation of a bubble cloud over a 15-cycle pulse. The acoustic propagation is left to right, but cloud growth forms in the opposite direction during passage of the pulse.