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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019 Mar 26;45(5):1056–1080. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.035

Fig. 9:

Fig. 9:

Temporal sequence of millisecond boiling at the focus of a 1-MHz boiling histotripsy transducer. As heat is deposited, a shadow appears due to changes in index of refraction around the focus (t = 5 ms). At t = 5.75 ms, a boiling bubble occurs, and a cavitation cloud appears behind the bubble over the next 0.5 ms due to scattering. Ultrasound propagation is from top to bottom.