Table 3. Previous studies on triamcinolone acetonide injection for prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection.
| Study | Study design | No. of subjects | Circumference of the mucosal defect | Timing of TA injection | Total dose of TA | Definition of stricture | Stricture rate |
| Hashimoto S, et al. (2011) 5 | Retrospective | 41 | Subcircumference (> 3/4) | Day 3, 7, and 10 (post ESD) | 18 – 62 mg per session, varying with ulcer size | No passage of an endoscope (GIF-Q240) | 19 % |
| Hanaoka N, et al. (2012) 6 | Prospective | 59 | Subcircumference (> 3/4) | Day 0 (post ESD) | 100 mg per session | Dysphagia to some solids or no passage of a ≤ 9.2 mm diameter endoscope | 10 % |
| Takahashi H, et al. (2015) 7 | Prospective randomized controlled | 16 | Subcircumference (> 2/3) and full circumference | Day 0 (post ESD) | Not described | Esophageal diameter < 11 mm or inability to achieve or maintain a diameter of 14 mm despite dilation every 2 – 4 weeks | 62.5 % |
| Nagami Y, et al. (2017) 9 | Retrospective | 101 | Subcircumference (> 2/3) | Day 0 (post ESD) | 80 mg per session | Dysphagia associated with semisolid foods or no passage of an endoscope (GIF-Q260) | 16.8 % |
| This study (2018) | Retrospective | 66 | Subcircumference (> 3/4) and full circumference | Day 0 and 14 (post ESD) | 40 – 100 mg per first session and 16 – 50 mg per second session, varying with ulcer size | Dysphagia to some solids or no passage of an endoscope (GIF-Q240 or GIF-Q260 J) | Subcircumference; 45.7 %, full circumference; 80 % |
TA, triamcinolone acetonide; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection