Table 2.
Association between total physical activity and plasma biomarkers of inflammation and insulin response, Health Professionals Follow-up Study 1992–1994
| Total physical activity (MET-h/week) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to <9 | 9 to <21 | 21 to <42 | 42 to <63 | 63+ | Ptrend‡ | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | ||||||
| Number of participants | 802 | 1033 | 1319 | 673 | 742 | |
| Multivariable† | 1.12 (1.04, 1.21) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.01)* | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97)* | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82)* | 0.77 (0.71, 0.83)* | <0.001 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | ||||||
| Number of participants | 462 | 597 | 796 | 407 | 441 | |
| Multivariable† | 1.61 (1.48, 1.75) | 1.46 (1.36, 1.57)* | 1.31 (1.23, 1.40)* | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31)* | 1.25 (1.14, 1.36)* | <0.001 |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2 (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Number of participants | 647 | 808 | 1065 | 521 | 561 | |
| Multivariable† | 2.78 (2.73, 2.84) | 2.68 (2.63, 2.73)* | 2.71 (2.66, 2.75) | 2.64 (2.58, 2.70)* | 2.57 (2.52, 2.63)* | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||||
| Number of participants | 705 | 882 | 1098 | 555 | 607 | |
| Multivariable† | 5.91 (5.71, 6.13) | 6.17 (5.98, 6.36)* | 6.26 (6.09, 6.44)* | 6.43 (6.18, 6.68)* | 6.46 (6.22, 6.71)* | 0.002 |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | ||||||
| Number of participants | 540 | 745 | 1052 | 564 | 602 | |
| Multivariable† | 2.58 (2.46, 2.71) | 2.32 (2.22, 2.42)* | 2.16 (2.08, 2.24)* | 2.10 (2.00, 2.20)* | 2.02 (1.93, 2.12)* | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio | ||||||
| Number of participants | 572 | 723 | 916 | 471 | 484 | |
| Multivariable† | 3.04 (2.86, 3.22) | 2.84 (2.69, 2.99)* | 2.67 (2.54, 2.79)* | 2.44 (2.29, 2.61)* | 2.44 (2.28, 2.60)* | <0.001 |
Values are multivariable-adjusted absolute biomarker concentrations adjusted for: age at blood draw (continuous), smoking (never, past or current smokers), race (White or non-White), chronic diseases/conditions (0, 1, 2 or 3+), case/control status, dietary pattern (empirical dietary inflammatory pattern for c-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2; empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia for C-peptide; empirical dietary index for insulin resistance for triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio).
P value for linear trend test was obtained using physical activity as a continuous variable.
P<0.05 (significant difference in plasma biomarker against the reference group (lowest total physical activity)).