Table 3.
Joint association of total physical activity and type of activity with plasma biomarkers of inflammation and insulin response, Health Professionals Follow-up Study 1992–1994
| Total physical activity (MET-h/week) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to <9 | 9 to <21 | 21 to <42 | 42 to <63 | 63+ | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | |||||
| Aerobic only | 1.13 (1.05, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04)* | 0.93 (0.87, 1.00)* | 0.81 (0.73, 0.89)* | 0.80 (0.72, 0.88)* |
| Aerobic plus resistance training | 0.95 (0.68, 1.34)* | 0.86 (0.73, 1.02)* | 0.86 (0.76, 0.97)* | 0.65 (0.55, 0.75)* | 0.72 (0.63, 0.82)* |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Aerobic only | 1.63 (1.50, 1.78) | 1.48 (1.37, 1.60) | 1.32 (1.23, 1.43)* | 1.20 (1.08, 1.34)* | 1.30 (1.17, 1.45)* |
| Aerobic plus resistance training | 1.21 (0.82, 1.79) | 1.37 (1.14, 1.64) | 1.28 (1.13, 1.45)* | 1.20 (1.02, 1.41)* | 1.16 (1.00, 1.33)* |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2 (ng/mL) | |||||
| Aerobic only | 2.79 (2.74, 2.85) | 2.69 (2.64, 2.74) | 2.72 (2.67, 2.77) | 2.66 (2.59, 2.73)* | 2.58 (2.52, 2.65)* |
| Aerobic plus resistance training | 2.64 (2.43, 2.87) | 2.64 (2.53, 2.76) | 2.67 (2.59, 2.75) | 2.58 (2.48, 2.69)* | 2.56 (2.47, 2.65)* |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | |||||
| Aerobic only | 5.95 (5.73, 6.17) | 6.13 (5.92, 6.34) | 6.29 (6.09, 6.50) | 6.52 (6.21, 6.83) | 6.39 (6.09, 6.70) |
| Aerobic plus resistance training | 5.40 (4.65, 6.26) | 6.36 (5.89, 6.86) | 6.16 (5.83, 6.51) | 6.23 (5.80, 6.69) | 6.60 (6.19, 7.03)* |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | |||||
| Aerobic only | 2.60 (2.47, 2.73) | 2.34 (2.24, 2.45)* | 2.18 (2.09, 2.27)* | 2.18 (2.05, 2.31)* | 2.14 (2.02, 2.27)* |
| Aerobic plus resistance training | 2.39 (1.95, 2.91)* | 2.20 (1.98, 2.44)* | 2.11 (1.97, 2.25)* | 1.96 (1.81, 2.13)* | 1.82 (1.68, 1.97)* |
| Triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio | |||||
| Aerobic only | 3.01 (2.83, 3.21) | 2.90 (2.73, 3.07) | 2.64 (2.50, 2.79)* | 2.33 (2.16, 2.53)* | 2.43 (2.24, 2.64)* |
| Aerobic plus resistance training | 3.38 (2.64, 4.31) | 2.60 (2.29, 2.94) | 2.73 (2.48, 3.00) | 2.70 (2.40, 3.04) | 2.44 (2.19, 2.72)* |
Values are multivariable-adjusted absolute biomarker concentrations adjusted for: age at blood draw (continuous), smoking (never, past or current smokers), race (White or non-White), chronic diseases/conditions (0, 1, 2 or 3+), case/control status, dietary pattern (empirical dietary inflammatory pattern for c-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2; empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia for C-peptide; empirical dietary index for insulin resistance for triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio).
P<0.05 (significant difference in plasma biomarker against the reference group (lowest total physical activity group with aerobic only)).