Table 4.
Joint association of total physical activity and intensity with plasma biomarkers of inflammation and insulin response, Health Professionals Follow-up Study 1992–1994
| Total physical activity (MET-h/week) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to <9 | 9 to <21 | 21 to <42 | 42 to <63 | 63+ | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | |||||
| <20% vigorous | 1.20 (1.08, 1.33) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.07)* | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00)* | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) | 0.70 (0.56, 0.88)* |
| ≥20% vigorous | 1.04 (0.92, 1.16) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03)* | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99)* | 0.73 (0.67, 0.80)* | 0.78 (0.71, 0.85)* |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | |||||
| <20% vigorous | 1.64 (1.47, 1.84) | 1.39 (1.21, 1.60) | 1.33 (1.15, 1.54) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06)* | 0.93 (0.72, 1.20)* |
| ≥20% vigorous | 1.56 (1.38, 1.77) | 1.49 (1.37, 1.62) | 1.31 (1.22, 1.40)* | 1.29 (1.17, 1.42)* | 1.29 (1.18, 1.42)* |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2 (ng/mL) | |||||
| <20% vigorous | 2.78 (2.71, 2.85) | 2.67 (2.58, 2.75) | 2.66 (2.57, 2.75) | 2.62 (2.49, 2.77) | 2.56 (2.41, 2.72) |
| ≥20% vigorous | 2.78 (2.70, 2.87) | 2.69 (2.63, 2.75) | 2.72 (2.67, 2.76) | 2.64 (2.58, 2.71)* | 2.58 (2.52, 2.64)* |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | |||||
| <20% vigorous | 5.82 (5.55, 6.10) | 6.15 (5.82, 6.49) | 6.33 (5.93, 6.74) | 6.38 (5.77, 7.05) | 6.40 (5.76, 7.11) |
| ≥20% vigorous | 6.03 (5.73, 6.36) | 6.18 (5.94, 6.42) | 6.24 (6.05, 6.44) | 6.43 (6.16, 6.72)* | 6.47 (6.21, 6.74)* |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | |||||
| <20% vigorous | 2.61 (2.43, 2.80) | 2.33 (2.16, 2.52) | 2.24 (2.08, 2.42)* | 1.90 (1.68, 2.15)* | 2.15 (1.87, 2.47) |
| ≥20% vigorous | 2.55 (2.38, 2.74) | 2.31 (2.20, 2.43)* | 2.14 (2.05, 2.22)* | 2.13 (2.03, 2.25)* | 2.01 (1.91, 2.11)* |
| Triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio | |||||
| <20% vigorous | 2.98 (2.75, 3.23) | 2.90 (2.64, 3.18) | 2.63 (2.35, 2.94) | 2.51 (2.11, 2.98) | 2.22 (1.84, 2.68)* |
| ≥20% vigorous | 3.10 (2.84, 3.40) | 2.81 (2.64, 3.00) | 2.67 (2.54, 2.82) | 2.43 (2.26, 2.61)* | 2.47 (2.30, 2.65)* |
Values are multivariable-adjusted absolute biomarker concentrations adjusted for: age at blood draw (continuous), smoking (never, past or current smokers), race (White or non-White), chronic diseases/conditions (0, 1, 2 or 3+), case/control status, dietary pattern (empirical dietary inflammatory pattern for c-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2; empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia for C-peptide; empirical dietary index for insulin resistance for triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio).
P<0.05 (significant difference in plasma biomarker against the reference group (lowest total physical activity group with <20% vigorous activity)).