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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 17.
Published before final editing as: Sex Med Rev. 2018 Nov 17:S2050-0521(18)30108-2. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.09.005

Table 1.

Causes of hypo- and hyperthyroidism by level of dysfunction

Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism
Primary - level of thyroid

  • Hashimoto thyroiditis

  • Previous treatment of hyperthyroidism (radioactive iodine therapy, thyroidectomy)

  • Excessive or insufficient iodide intake

  • Subacute thyroiditis (transient)

 Primary - Level of thyroid

  • Graves disease

  • T oxic multinodular goiter

  • Subacute thyroiditis
Secondary - level of pituitary

  • Hypopituitarism (large pituitary adenoma, pituitary destruction)

 Secondary - level of pituitary

  • TSH secreting pituitary adenoma
Tertiary - Level of hypothalamus

  • Hypothalamic dysfunction