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. 2019 Jan 21;7(2):162–168. doi: 10.1016/j.esxm.2018.11.009

Table 2.

Participant characteristics by AUDIT-C category

AUDIT-C ≥3 (N = 665) AUDIT-C <3 (N = 984) P value
Age <.001
 Mean (SD) 53.6 (10.3) 50.6 (11.3)
 Range (20.1–80.4) (20.4–85.2)
Marital status, N (%) .98
 Married/Committed relationship 559 (40.5) 821 (59.5)
 Single 58 (39.7) 88 (60.3)
 Divorced/Separated 38 (41.8) 53 (58.2)
 Widowed 8 (44.4) 10 (55.6)
Education, N (%) .003
 High school graduate/GED or lower 44 (36.7) 76 (63.3)
 Some college or 2-year degree 150 (33.7) 295 (66.3)
 4-year college degree 232 (43.4) 303 (56.6)
 Postgraduate studies 213 (44.6) 265 (55.4)
Employment, N (%) <.001
 Employed 413 (40.9) 598 (59.1)
 Full-time homemaker 90 (40.7) 131 (59.3)
 Retired 107 (48.9) 112 (51.1)
 Other 34 (24.1) 107 (75.9)
Hormone therapy, N (%) .12
 Missing 87 123
 No 393 (38.9) 618 (61.1)
 Yes 185 (43.2) 243 (56.8)
Menopause status, N (%) .46
 Missing 480 677
 Premenopause 28 (31.8) 60 (68.2)
 Perimenopause 22 (37.3) 37 (62.7)
 Postmenopause 124 (40.0) 186 (60.0)
 Unknown 11 (31.4) 24 (68.6)
Childhood sexual abuse, N (%) .009
 Missing 42 75
 No 547 (42.0) 754 (58.0)
 Yes 76 (32.9) 155 (67.1)
Abuse in past year, N (%) .035
 No 655 (40.7) 953 (59.3)
 Yes 10 (24.4) 31 (75.6)
GAD-7, N (%) .017
 <5 476 (42.4) 648 (57.7)
 ≥5 183 (36.1) 324 (63.9)
PHQ-9, N (%) .004
 <5 459 (42.8) 613 (57.2)
 ≥5 198 (35.4) 362 (65.46)
ACE total score 1.4 (1.8) 1.5 (1.9) .45
ACE, N (%) .078
 <4 546 (41.4) 773 (58.6)
 ≥4 81 (35.2) 149 (64.8)

AUDIT score ≥3 detects hazardous drinking;16 GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores of 5, 10, and 15 indicate mild, moderate, and severe anxiety and depression, respectively.22

ACE = adverse childhood experience; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire.