Table 3.

Results of the Association between Peer Relationship Quality and Empathy

Variable	k	n sa	r/slope	95% CI		Q M	p-value
				Lower	Upper
Overall correlation	63	31	0.29***	0.24	0.33
Moderator analyses
Dimensions
Dimension RQ	63	31				F(1, 61) = 13.90	< 0.001
Positive	49	30	0.30a***	0.26	0.35
Negative (reverse coded)	14	3	0.15b**	0.05	0.24
Positive indicator RQ	21	18				F(2, 18) = 0.31	0.738
Warmth	6	5	0.39***	0.28	0.49
Attachment	9	9	0.35***	0.26	0.43
Friendship quality	6	4	0.40***	0.26	0.52
Dimension empathy	63	31				F(2, 60) = 6.32	0.003
Affective	23	12	0.23a***	0.16	0.28
Cognitive	27	14	0.24a***	0.18	0.30
Composite	13	13	0.38b***	0.31	0.44
Indicator empathy	45	22				F(2, 42) = 5.88	0.006
Empathic concern	19	9	0.22a***	0.15	0.28
Perspective taking	14	7	0.26a***	0.18	0.34
Composite EC/PT	12	12	0.38b***	0.31	0.44
Type of relationship
Type peer relationship	63	31				F(2, 60) = 2.38	0.101
Peer	3	3	0.36***	0.21	0.49
Friend	49	23	0.30***	0.25	0.35
Partner	11	6	0.20***	0.10	0.30
Sample characteristics
Age	61	30				F(1, 59) = 3.91	0.053
Intercept (centered)			0.31***	0.26	0.36
Slope age			−0.02	−0.05	0.00
% girls	63	31				F(1, 61) = 0.01	0.907
Intercept			0.28***	0.19	0.37
Slope			0.00	−0.00	0.00
Ethnicity	44	19				F(2, 41) = 5.13	0.010
Majority	33	10	0.40a***	0.31	0.49
Minority	4	3	0.30ab***	0.15	0.43
Mixed	7	6	0.22b***	0.15	0.28
Publication year	51	20				F(1, 61) = 0.00	0.995
Intercept (centered)			0.29***	0.24	0.34
Slope			0.00	−0.05	0.05
Measurement characteristics
Reliability RQ	46	26				F(1, 44) = 20.39	< 0.001
Intercept (centered)			0.30***	0.25	0.35
Slope			0.09***	0.05	0.14
Reliability empathy	40	25				F(1, 38) = 7.68	0.009
Intercept (centered)			0.28***	0.23	0.33
Slope			0.07**	0.02	0.12

Estimates with different subscripts differed significantly in strength

k number of correlations, n_sa number of samples, RQ relationship quality, Composite EC/PT combination empathic concern and perspective taking

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001