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. 2019 May 17;9:7526. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43899-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analysis of cytokines in culture supernatant of PBMC, incubated for 48 h in the presence of medium (unstimulated) or with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs (stimulated). The PBMCs were obtained prior to pulse therapy (day 0) and during pulse therapy (day 7) of patients with severe plaque psoriasis treated with anti-TNF agents. (A) IL-17 levels (*Wilcoxon; p < 0.05), (B) IFN-γ levels (*Wilcoxon; p < 0.05), (C) TNF-α levels (Wilcoxon; p > 0.05), (D) IL-10 levels (*Wilcoxon; p < 0.05), (E) IL-6 levels (*Wilcoxon; p < 0.05). The results are expressed in pg/mL. *Indicates statistical significance.