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. 2019 May 17;9:7562. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44006-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LPS-derived cytokines are inhibited in xCT knockout mice. Semi-quantitative analyses of cytokines by western blotting. (a,d,g) TNF-α, (b,e,h) IL-1β, (c,f,i) IL-10 in the hippocampus (a–c), cerebral cortex (d–f), and cerebellum (g–i). All columns indicate mean ± S.D., n = 5. In wildtype mice, TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex are upregulated at 2 days after LPS treatment (*p < 0.01). The level of TNF-α and IL-1β in the cerebellum rises mildly, but the change is not significant. The level of IL-10 in each part of the brain shows a tendency for mild increase, but the differences are not statistically significant. In xCT knockout mice, each cytokine is upregulated mildly, but the change is not significant.