Table 2.
Description of included studies/data sets
| Study | Country | Participant details | Intervention details | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age (years ± sd) | Pubertal stage (Tanner) | Sport/not specified | % males | Sex of training group | Location | Weeks/× per week (min per session) | Sets/reps/intensity | Exercises | Outcomes included | Quality score | ||
| Alberga et al. (2015) [38] | Canada | EG 78 CG 76 | EG 15.9 ± 1.5 CG 15.6 ± 1.3 | 4–5 | Not specified | 29 | Mixed | Community | 26 weeks × 4(60 min) | 2–3 sets, 6–15 reps, max for reps | Whole body exercises on resistance machines + some dumbbell exercises and body weight exercises | Vertical jump | 2 |
| Channell et al. (2008) a [39] | USA | EG 11 CG 6 | EG 15.9 ± 1.2 CG Not stated | Not stated | Sport | 100 | Males | Not stated | 12 weeks × 3 | 3–5 sets, 3–20 reps, 60–95% 1RM | Day 1: bench press, power clean, push jerk, leg press, incline, push ups, back extensions abs. Day 2: bench press, power clean, push jerk, lunges, decline, push ups, back extensions, abs. Day 3: bench press, power clean, push jerk, attacker, military press, push ups, back extensions, abs. | Vertical jump | 3 |
| Channell et al. (2008) b [39] | USA | EG 10 CG 6 | EG 15.9 ± 1.2 CG Not stated | Not stated | Sport | 100 | Males | Not stated | 12 weeks × 3 | 3–5 sets, 3–20 reps, 60–100% 1RM | Day 1: bench press, squat, deadlift, leg press, incline, push ups, back extensions, abs. Day 2: bench press, squat, deadlift, lunges, decline, push ups, back extensions, abs. Day 3: bench press, squat, deadlift, attacker, military press | Vertical jump | 3 |
| Chelly et al. (2009) [40] | Tunisia | EG 11 CG 11 | EG 17 ± 0.3 CG 17 ± 0.5 | 5 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 8 weeks × 2 | 4 sets, 2–7 reps, 70–90%1RM | Half back squat | Squat jump, vertical jump | 3 |
| Christou et al. (2006) [41] | Greece | EG 9 CG 9 | EG 13.8 ± 0.4 CG 13.5 ± 0.5 | 3–5 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 16 weeks × 2(45 min) | 2–3 sets, 8–15 reps, 55–80%1RM | Leg press, bench press, leg extension, pec-deck, leg flexion, overhead press, lat pull-downs, calf raise, sit-ups, and upper-lower back extension | 30-m sprint, squat jump, vertical jump | 3 |
| Faigenbaum et al. (1993) [42] | USA | EG 14 CG 10 | EG 10.8 CG 9.9 | 1–2 | Not specified | 68 | Mixed | Not stated | 8 weeks × 2 (35 min) | 3 sets, 10–15 reps, 50–100%1RM | Leg extension, leg curl, overhead press, bicep curl, chest press | Vertical jump, seated medicine ball put | 2 |
| Faigenbaum et al. (1996) [43] | USA | EG 15 CG 9 | EG 10.8 ± 0.4 CG 10 ± 0.4 | 1–2 | Not specified | 73 | Mixed | Not stated | 8 weeks × 2 | 2–3 sets, 6 reps, max for reps | Leg extension, leg curl, chest press, overhead press, bicep curl, ab curl, bent knee leg raise | Vertical jump | 1 |
| Faigenbaum et al. (2002) a [44] | USA | EG 22 CG 9 | EG 10.2 ± 1.4 CG 9.3 ± 1.5 | Not stated | Not specified | 68 | Mixed | Community | 8 weeks × 1(60 min) | 1 set, 10–15 reps, max for reps | Leg press, leg extension, leg curl, seated chest press, chest crossover, lat pull down, seated row, shoulder press, biceps curl, and triceps extension, ab curl, lower back extension | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 1 |
| Faigenbaum et al. (2002) b [44] | USA | EG 20 CG 9 | EG 9.7 ± 1.4 CG 9.3 ± 1.5 | Not stated | Not specified | 55 | Mixed | Community | 8 weeks × 2(60 min) | 1 set, 10–15 reps, max for reps | Leg press, leg extension, leg curl, seated chest press, chest crossover, lat pull down, seated row, shoulder press, biceps curl, and triceps extension, ab curl, lower back extension | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 1 |
| Faigenbaum et al. (2005) a [45] | USA | EG 19 CG 12 | EG 10.4 ± 1.5 CG 10.9 ± 0.9 | Not stated | Not specified | 58 | Mixed | Community | 8 weeks × 2(40 min) | 1 set, 15–20 reps, max for reps | Leg press, squat press, chest press, seated row, overhead press, pulldown, seated dip, ab curl, hip extension | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 1 |
| Faigenbaum et al. (2005) b [45] | USA | EG 12 CG 12 | EG 10.4 ± 1.2 CG 10.9 ± 0.9 | Not stated | Not specified | 50 | Mixed | Community | 8 weeks × 2(40 min) | 1 set, 6–10 reps, max for reps | Leg press, squat press, chest press, seated row, overhead press, pulldown, seated dip, ab curl, hip extension | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 1 |
| Flanagan et al. (2002) a [46] | USA | EG 8 CG 20 | EG 8.8 ± 0.5 CG 8.7 ± 0.5 | Not stated | Not specified | 48 | Mixed | Community | 10 weeks x 2(40 min) | 1–3 sets, 8–15 reps, max for reps | Squat, bench, pull downs, military press, bicep curls, hamstring curls, tricep pressdown, curl ups | Medicine ball put, standing long jump, shuttle run | 2 |
| Flanagan et al. (2002) b [46] | USA | EG 22 CG 20 | EG 8.6 ± 0.58 CG 8.7 ± 0.5 | Not stated | Not specified | 48 | Mixed | School -PE | 10 weeks × 2(40 min) | Varied–body weight. | Sea crawl, crab crawl, turtle walk, inch worm, treadmill (like a crawl) | Medicine ball put, standing long jump, shuttle run | 2 |
| Gorostiaga et al. (1999) [32] | Spain | EG 9 CG 9 | EG 15.1 ± 0.7 CG 15.1 ± 0.5 | 5 | Sport | 100 | Males | Not stated | 6 weeks × 2(40 min) | 4 sets, 3–12 reps, 40–90%1RM | Supine bench press, half squat, knee flexion curl, leg press and pec-deck | Squat jump, vertical jump, throwing velocity | 1 |
| Granacher et al. (2011) [47] | Switzerland | EG 14 CG 14 | EG 16.7 ± 0.6 CG 16.8 ± 0.7 | 4–5 | Not specified | 48 | Mixed | School -PE | 8 weeks × 2(90 min) | 4 sets, 10 reps, 30–40% 1RM | Leg press, leg extension and flexion, calf raise, weight machine for hip abduction/adduction, back squat | Standing long jump, 20-m sprint | 2 |
| Hammami et al. (2017) [48] | Tunisia | EG 16 CG 12 | EG 16.2 ± 0.6 CG 16.8 ± 0.2 | Not stated | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 8 weeks × 2(45 min) | 3–5 sets, 3–8 reps, 70–90%1RM | Back half squat | Vertical jump, squat jump | 2 |
| Hetzler et al. (1997) a [49] | Germany | EG 10 CG 10 | EG 13.8 ± 0.6 CG 13.9 ± 1.1 | 3–4 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 12 weeks × 3 | 1–3 sets, 10–12 reps, up to 100% 10RM | Supine bench press, wide grip cable pull down, leg extension, leg curl, leg press, bicep curl, tricep extension, shoulder dumbbell routine, wrist curls, reverse wrist curls | Vertical jump | 3 |
| Hetzler et al. (1997) b [49] | Germany | EG 10 CG 10 | EG 13.2 ± 0.9 CG 13.9 ± 1.1 | 3–4 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 12 weeks × 3 | 1–3 sets, 10–12 reps, up to 100% 10RM | Supine bench press, wide grip cable pull down, leg extension, leg curl, leg press, bicep curl, tricep extension, shoulder dumbbell routine, wrist curls, reverse wrist curls | Vertical jump | 3 |
| Lillegaard et al. (1997) a [50] | USA | EG 20 CG 18 | EG 11.2 ± 1.1 CG 10.1 ± 1.6 | 1–2 | Not specified | 100 | Mixed | Not stated | 12 weeks × 3(60 min) | 3 sets, 10 reps, 10RM | Barbell curl, tricep extension, leg press, leg curl, lat pulldown, bench press | Vertical jump, shuttle run, 30-yard sprint, standing long jump | 3 |
| Lillegaard et al. (1997) b [50] | USA | EG 16 CG 10 | EG 14 ± 0.98 CG 13.1 ± 1.6 | 3–5 | Not specified | 100 | Mixed | Not stated | 12 weeks × 3(60 min) | 3 sets, 10 reps, 10RM | Barbell curl, tricep extension, leg press, leg curl, lat pulldown, bench press | Vertical jump, shuttle run, 30-yard sprint, standing long jump | 3 |
| Lillegaard et al. (1997) c [50] | USA | EG 8 CG 6 | EG 9.5 ± 1.4 CG 9.6 ± 1.2 | 1–2 | Not specified | 0 | Mixed | Not stated | 12 weeks × 3 (60 min) | 3 sets, 10 reps, 10RM | Barbell curl, tricep extension, leg press, leg curl, lat pulldown, bench press | Vertical jump, shuttle run, 30-yard sprint, standing long jump | 3 |
| Lillegaard et al. (1997) d [50] | USA | EG 8 CG 5 | EG 12.6 ± 1.6 CG 12.6 ± 1.6 | 3–5 | Not specified | 0 | Mixed | Not stated | 12 weeks × 3 (60 min) | 3 sets, 10 reps, 10RM | Barbell curl, tricep extension, leg press, leg curl, lat pulldown, bench press | Vertical jump, shuttle run, 30-yard sprint, standing long jump | 3 |
| Lloyd et al. (2016) a [51] | UK | EG 10 CG 10 | EG 12.6 ± 0.3 CG 12.8 ± 0.2 | Not stated | Not specified | 100 | Males | School -PE | 6 weeks × 2(60 min) | 3 sets 10 reps, 10RM | Barbell back squat, barbell lunge, dumbbell step up, leg press | 20-m sprint, squat jump | 3 |
| Lloyd et al. (2016) b [51] | UK | EG 10 CG 10 | EG 16.3 ± 0.3 CG 16.2 ± 0.3 | Not stated | Not specified | 100 | Males | School - PE | 6 weeks × 2(60 min) | 3 sets 10 reps, 10RM | Barbell back squat, barbell lunge, dumbbell step up, leg press | 20-sprint, squat jump | 3 |
| Moraes et al. (2013) a [52] | Brazil | EG 14 CG 10 | EG 15.5 ± 0.9 CG 15.6 ± 0.9 | 3–4 | Not specified | 100 | Males | Community | 12 weeks × 3 | 3 sets, 10–12 reps, max for reps | Machine bench press, 45° leg press, front lat pull-down, leg extension, military press, seated leg curl, pulley triceps extension, abdominal crunches, arm curl | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 1 |
| Moraes et al. (2013) b [52] | Brazil | EG 14 CG 10 | EG 15.4 ± 1.1 CG 15.6 ± 0.9 | 3–4 | Not specified | 100 | Males | Community | 12 weeks × 3 | 3 sets, 3–20 reps, max for reps | Machine bench press, 45° leg press, front lat pull-down, leg extension, military press, seated leg curl, pulley triceps extension, abdominal crunches, arm curl | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 1 |
| Negra et al. (2016) [28] | Tunisia | EG 13 CG 11 | EG 12.8 ± 0.3 CG12.7 ± 0.2 | 1–3 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 12 weeks × 3(90 min) | 4 sets, 8–12 reps, 40–60%1RM | Half back squat | Vertical jump, standing long jump, squat jump, 30-m spring, t test | 1 |
| Saeterbakken et al. (2010) [33] | Norway | EG 14 CG 10 | EG 16.6 ± 3.1 CG 16.5 ± 3.9 | Not stated | Sport | 0 | Females | Community | 6 weeks × 2(75 min) | 4 sets, 406 reps, max for reps | Spine abduction, side lying plank, dynamic crunch, superman, one leg squat, push ups | Throwing velocity | 1 |
| Sander et al. (2012) a [53] | Germany | EG 30 CG 25 | EG 15 CG 15 | Not stated | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 104 weeks × 2 | 5 sets, 4–10 reps, max for reps | Parallel front and back squats, bench presses, deadlifts, neck presses and exercises for the trunk muscles as well as the standing row | 30-m sprint | 3 |
| Sander et al. (2012) b [53] | Germany | EG 18 CG 33 | EG 13 CG 13 | Not stated | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 104 weeks × 2 | 5 sets, 4–10 reps, max for reps | Parallel front and back squats, bench presses, deadlifts, neck presses and exercises for the trunk muscles as well as the standing row | 30-m sprint | 3 |
| Santos et al. (2012) [54] | Portugal | EG 15 CG 10 | EG 14.5 ± 0.6 CG14.2 ± 0.4 | 3–4 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 10 weeks × 2 | 3 sets, 3–12 reps, max for reps | Day 1: squat, press, upright row, lunge, push up, bicep curl, tricep dip, abs. Day 2: squat, deadlift, chest fly, front raise, row, calf raise, tricep extension, abs. Day 3: jump, high pull, press, upright row, squat jump, lying press, broad jump, abs | Squat jump, vertical jump, medicine ball throw | 2 |
| Weltman et al. (1986) [55] | USA | EG 16 CG 10 | EG 8.2 ± 1.3 CG 8.2 ± 1.3 | > 2 | Not specified | 100 | Males | Community | 14 weeks × 3(45 min) | 1 set, 30 s on, 30 s off | Biceps, triceps, bench press, quads, hamstrings, shoulder press, hip abduction/adduction, butterfly, forearm conditioner | Vertical jump, standing long jump | 2 |
| Zouita et al. (2016) [29] | Tunisia | EG 26 CG 26 | 13–14 | 2–3 | Sport | 100 | Males | Community | 12 weeks × 3(90 min) | 15–20 reps, 30–80%1RM | Squat, bench press, push ups, sit ups | 30-m sprint, squat jump, vertical jump, t test | 2 |
*EG experimental group, CG control group, rep repetition, max maximum, RM repetition maximum, ab abdominal, lat latissimus dorsi