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. 2019 May 17;9:7521. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44010-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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WinRHIZO Root scan analysis (average of 15 replicates, displayed as mean ± standard deviation): (a) Root Tips. M. globalpina spores plus M. chitwoodi eggs-inoculated plants significantly increased number of root-tips compared to M. chitwoodi eggs-only inoculated treatment (+1800.4 root tips) (p-value = 0.018, Tukey test). (b) Root Galls. Root scan analysis of number of root galls (gall = PPN infection site). M. globalpina spores plus M. chitwoodi eggs-inoculated treatment significantly decreased the number of root galls compared M. chitwoodi eggs-only inoculated treatment (−83.8 galls) (p-value: 1.19e⁻¹⁰, Tukey test).