Table 2.
Group mean scores for the patients’ measures of muscle strength and activation across groups, for both limbs
| Variable | Group | Pre-surgery | 8 weeks | 14 weeks | Change over time (12 weeks) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limb | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean | F | p value | ES % | ||
| iPeak Amp. (%) op. | control | 100.0 (−) | 108.8 (117.6) | 126.3 (105.8) | 26.3 | – | 26 | ||
| non-op. | 100.0 (−) | 108.2 (77.2) | 125.0 (63.6) | 25.0 | – | 25 | |||
| iPeak Amp. (%) op. | experimental | 100.0 (−) | 153.7 (160.8) | 288.1 (109.4) | 188.1 | 9.3 | 0.001** | – | 188 |
| non-op. | 100.0 (−) | 131.3 (88.4) | 156.7 (92.3) | 56.7 | – | 57 | |||
| iRMS (%) op. | control | 100. 0 (−) | 143.7 (148.9) | 181.2 (191.4) | 81.2 | – | 81 | ||
| non-op. | 100.0 (−) | 130.0 (92.3) | 155.0 (169.2) | 55.0 | – | 55 | |||
| iRMS (%) op. | experimental | 100.0 (−) | 211.7 (141.0) | 323.5 (157.1) | 223.5 | 3.6 | 0.005* | – | 223 |
| non-op. | 100.0 (−) | 144.0 (160.0) | 168.0 (136.1) | 68.0 | – | 68 | |||
| PF (N) op. | control | 41.8 (17.8) | 46.6 (18.6) | 55.4 (23.5) | 13.6 | 0.8 | 33 | ||
| PF (N) non-op | 57.2 (16.3) | 60.0 (19.3) | 69.1 (24.4) | 11.9 | 0.7 | 21 | |||
| PF (N) op. | experimental | 39.8 (15.3) | 49.3 (18.0) | 67.5 (17.4) | 27.7 | 1.3 | 0.47 | 1.8 | 28 |
| PF (N) non-op | 55.3 (20.6) | 64.7 (24.4) | 78.5 (20.9) | 23.2 | 1.1 | 42 | |||
p value signifies the statistical significance of the main interaction effect between the groups; ES: relative effect size, computed as (group mean score at 14 weeks – group mean score at pre-surgery)/pooled SD; iP.Amp.: integrated EMG peak amplitude; iRMS: integrated Root Mean Square; PF: peak force; op.: operated limb; non-op.: non-operated limb; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; ns: non-significant