Fig. 2.

Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of habitats based on bird captures reveal similarity in community composition between the coffee sites and between the forest sites. Riparian sites are distinct. NMDS analyses group communities based on rank order of species abundance rather than absolute abundance, thus reducing the variability stemming from differential sampling of sites or capture rates. Here, Swainson’s thrushes are excluded because large numbers migrated through the study region without wintering, and their preference for forest skews the analysis, especially at Amistad where they comprised 41% of all birds caught in the mist nets. For the NMDS plot that includes Swainson’s thrushes, see SI Appendix, Fig. S2.