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. 2019 May 9;25:3435–3445. doi: 10.12659/MSM.914551

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© Med Sci Monit, 2019

This work is licensed under Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

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A male patient (62 years old) with adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS). (A) Anteroposterior (AP) radiograph: coronal Cobb angle (CA), 48.0°; coronal vertical axis (CVA), −2.3 cm. (B) Standing lateral radiograph: thoracic kyphosis (TK), 11.5°; pelvic tilt (PT): 10.3°; lumbar lordosis (LL): 22.1°; pelvic incidence (PI): 31.5°; sacral slope (SS): 21.4°; sagittal vertical axis (SVA): −2.0 cm. (C) T2-weighted axial image at intervertebral levels above the apical vertebra (L1/L2): grade 1 LMA on the convex side; grade 2 LMA on the concave side. (D) T2-weighted axial images at intervertebral level below the apical vertebra (L2/3): grade 3 LMA on the convex side; grade 4 LMA on the concave side. The red lines show the corresponding positions of the axis images.