Table 2.
Odds of adverse birth outcomes among women with an ARD compared with women without a recorded ARD
| Variable | ARD diagnosis | ||||||||
| None | Any | Rheumatoid arthritis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Psoriatic arthropathy | Antiphospholipid syndrome | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | Ankylosing spondylitis | More than one | |
| n, % | n, % | n, % | n, % | n, % | n, % | n, % | n, % | n, % | |
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Sample size | 10 244 | 10 244 | 2921 | 3595 | 161 | 3908 | 337 | 128 | 779 |
| PTB† | REF | ||||||||
| Any |
962 (9.4) |
1709 (16.7) | 404 (13.8) | 818 (22.8) | 25 (15.5) | 572 (14.6) | 48 (14.2) | 13 (10.2) | 163 (20.9) |
| 1.93 (1.78 to 2.10)* | 1.55 (1.37 to 1.75)* | 2.84 (2.57 to 3.15)* | 1.77 (1.15 to 2.73)** | 1.65 (1.48 to 1.85)* | 1.60 (1.17 to 2.19)** | 1.09 (0.61 to 1.94) | 1.82 (1.52 to 2.17)* | ||
| Spontaneous labour | |||||||||
| PROM |
194 (1.9) |
369 (3.6) | 117 (4.0) | 162 (4.5) | – | 110 (2.8) | 16 (4.8) | – | 41 (5.3) |
| 1.94 (1.62 to 2.31)* | 2.16 (1.71 to 2.73)* | 2.45 (1.98 to 3.02)* | – | 1.50 (1.18 to 1.90)* | 2.58 (1.53 to 4.35)* | – | 2.04 (1.47 to 2.83)* | ||
| No PROM |
529 (5.2) |
926 (9.0) | 198 (6.8) | 435 (12.1) | 15 (9.3) | 333 (8.5) | 24 (7.1) | 6 (4.7) | 84 (10.8) |
| 1.83 (1.63 to 2.04)* | 1.34 (1.13 to 1.58)* | 2.53 (2.21 to 2.89)* | 1.89 (1.10 to 3.23)*** | 1.71 (1.48 to 1.97)* | 1.41 (0.92 to 2.15) | 0.90 (0.40 to 2.06) | 1.62 (1.28 to 2.04)* | ||
| Medically indicated |
198 (1.9) |
361 (3.5) | 75 (2.6) | 189 (5.3) | 6 (3.7) | 116 (3.0) | 8 (2.4) | – | 32 (4.1) |
| 1.85 (1.56 to 2.21)* | 1.34 (1.02 to 1.75)*** | 2.82 (2.30 to 3.45)* | 1.96 (0.86 to 4.49) | 1.55 (1.23 to 1.96)* | 1.23 (0.60 to 2.52) | – | 1.56 (1.08 to 2.24)*** | ||
| Congenital anomalies‡ |
311 (3.0) |
357 (3.5) | 97 (3.3) | 125 (3.5) | 5 (3.1) | 140 (3.6) | 6 (1.8) | 5 (3.9) | 21 (2.7) |
| 1.15 (0.99 to 1.35) | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.38) | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.42) | 1.02 (0.42 to 2.51) | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.45) | 0.58 (0.26 to 1.31) | 1.30 (0.53 to 3.20) | 0.82 (0.53 to 1.27) | ||
| LBW§ |
208 (2.0) |
348 (3.4) | 92 (3.2) | 167 (4.7) | – | 110 (2.8) | 6 (1.8) | 5 (3.9) | 33 (4.2) |
| 1.70 (1.43 to 2.02)* | 1.57 (1.22 to 2.01)* | 2.35 (1.91 to 2.89)* | – | 1.40 (1.11 to 1.77)** | 0.88 (0.39 to 1.98) | 1.96 (0.79 to 4.85) | 1.62 (1.13 to 2.32)** | ||
| SGA¶ |
892 (8.7) |
1277 (12.5) | 349 (12.0) | 594 (16.5) | 17 (10.6) | 396 (10.1) | 37 (11.0) | 21 (16.4) | 131 (16.8) |
| 1.49 (1.36 to 1.63)* | 1.42 (1.25 to 1.62)* | 2.08 (1.86 to 2.32)* | 1.24 (0.75 to 2.06) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.34)** | 1.29 (0.91 to 1.83) | 2.06 (1.28 to 3.30)** | 1.75 (1.45 to 2.13)* | ||
ORs (95 CIs) and p values were calculated using logistic regression.
*P<0.001; **P<0.01; ***P<0.05
The ‘–’ indicates cell suppressed (n<5).
†PTB was defined as gestational age at delivery <37 weeks.
‡Congenital anomalies included both major structural birth defects and chromosomal abnormalities.
§LBW was defined as term infants weighing <2500 g at birth.
¶SGA defined as infants weighing <10th percentile for their gestational age.
PTB, preterm birth;PROM, pre-labour rupture of membranes;LBW, low birth weight;SGA, small for gestational age;CI, confidence interval;PROM, premature rupture of the membranes;REF, reference group.