Table 1.
Weighted basic characteristics of the study participants in the Add Health survey waves II – IV, stratified by race/ethnicity
| European American (EA) |
African American (AA) |
Hispanic American (HA) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave II | Wave III | Wave IV | Wave II | Wave III | Wave IV | Wave II | Wave III | Wave IV | |
| Age, mean [SD] | 16.3 [0.1] | 22.1 [0.1] | 28.6 [0.1] | 16.6 [0.2] | 22.4 [0.2] | 28.9 [0.2] | 16.5 [0.2] | 22.4 [0.2] | 28.8 [0.2] |
| Sex (female), % | 51.4 | 51.0 | 52.3 | 53.7 | 53.7 | 56.7 | 49.2 | 49.1 | 49.7 |
| Household income, n (%) | |||||||||
| Low | 20.9 | 20.1 | 20.4 | 57.3 | 55.5 | 55.8 | 52.8 | 53.6 | 52.9 |
| Middle | 35.2 | 35.3 | 35.7 | 27.1 | 28.7 | 28.6 | 28.9 | 28.5 | 29.4 |
| High | 43.9 | 44.5 | 43.8 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.7 |
| Missing | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| High education sample | 11.7 | 13.5 | 13.7 | ||||||
| Country of origin, n (%) | |||||||||
| Mexico | 60.6 | 60.9 | 62.1 | ||||||
| Cuba | 11.7 | 11.2 | 10.5 | ||||||
| Central and South America | 06.1 | 06.3 | 06.3 | ||||||
| puerto Rico | 11.1 | 11.6 | 10.6 | ||||||
| Other Hispanic | 10.5 | 09.9 | 10.6 | ||||||
| Foreign born status, n (%) | 21.3 | 22.8 | 20.4 | ||||||
| Smoking | |||||||||
| No smoking | 59.9 | 58.7 | 61.3 | 81.6 | 78.1 | 72.5 | 68.8 | 75.3 | 76.0 |
| Smoking | 39.5 | 41.1 | 38.6 | 18.0 | 21.4 | 26.5 | 30.3 | 24.2 | 23.7 |
| Missing | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| Don’t drink | 51.2 | 19.3 | 21.6 | 66.9 | 44.2 | 41.4 | 50.5 | 29.2 | 30.7 |
| Less than once a week | 36.7 | 44.4 | 43.6 | 23.0 | 37.4 | 36.6 | 36.7 | 47.3 | 42.8 |
| Once a week or more | 11.7 | 35.0 | 34.4 | 08.8 | 17.0 | 20.6 | 11.8 | 21.7 | 26.3 |
| Missing | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.1 |
| Marijuana use | 17.1 | 25.4 | 18.4 | 15.6 | 20.2 | 15.7 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 14.3 |
| Other drug use | 5.6 | 8.5 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 2.9 |
| Moderate-to-vigorous PA | 67.7 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 61.6 | 17.5 | 18 | 63.6 | 22.7 | 21.3 |
| Screen time (> 14 h) | 51.9 | 63.0 | 61.2 | 65.3 | 66.1 | 60.1 | 58.4 | 60.2 | 59 |
| Overeating | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.5 |
| Depressive feelings, n (%) | 7.5 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 11.6 | 6.7 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 6.2 |
| ADHD subtype, n (%) | |||||||||
| Non-ADHD | 90.6 | 90.7 | 90.7 | 94.1 | 94.2 | 94.4 | 93.2 | 92.9 | 93.4 |
| ADHD-HI | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
| ADHD-I | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| ADHD-C | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
| Body mass index, mean [SD] | 22.8 [0.2] | 26.0 [0.1] | 28.5 [0.2] | 24.3 [0.2] | 27.4 [0.2] | 30.9 [0.3] | 23.6 [0.2] | 27.0 [0.2] | 29.7 [0.3] |
| Non-ADHD, mean [SD] | 22.7 [0.2] | 25.9 [0.1] | 28.4 [0.2] | 24.3 [0.2] | 27.4 [0.2] | 30.8 [0.3] | 23.4 [0.2] | 26.8 [0.2] | 29.6 [0.3] |
| ADHD-HI, mean [SD] | 23.1 [0.4] | 26.4 [0.5] | 29.5 [0.8] | 23.4 [0.8] | 27.1 [0.9] | 31.5 [1.0] | 25.0 [1.5] | 28.0 [1.2] | 32.8 [1.5] |
| ADHD-I, mean [SD] | 23.8 [0.5] | 26.9 [0.5] | 30.1 [0.7] | 25.8 [1.5] | 28.5 [1.5] | 29.7 [1.9] | 25.6 [1.0] | 27.3 [1.2] | 30.9 [1.4] |
| ADHD-C, mean [SD] | 23.1 [0.5] | 26.5 [0.6] | 29.1 [0.7] | 22.8 [0.7] | 26.6 [1.1] | 32.1 [1.8] | 26.9 [1.3] | 30.5 [1.9] | 30.4 [1.7] |
ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-HI: the ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype; ADHD-I: the ADHD predominantly inattentive subtype; ADHD-C: ADHD combined, a combination of ADHD-HI and ADHD-I symptoms; PA: physical activity