Table 2.
Results of a sex and race/ethnicity-stratified multilevel regression model investigating the association between ADHD subtypes and log-transformed BMI in Add Health survey participants.
| European American (EA) |
African American (AA) |
Hispanic American (HA) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
|
| coef. (95%CI) | coef. (95%CI) | coef. (95%CI) | coef. (95%CI) | coef. (95%CI) | coef. (95%CI) | |
| Age (in 10 years) | 0.292*** (0.263, 0.320) |
0.258*** (0.234, 0.282) |
0.239*** (0.199, 0.280) |
0.260*** (0.219, 0.302) |
0.290*** (0.240, 0.339) |
0.284*** (0.248, 0.320) |
| Age2 | −0.140*** (−0.186, −0.094) |
−0.089*** (−0.131, −0.047) |
−0.068* (−0.136, −0.001) |
−0.037 (−0.106, 0.033) |
−0.080* (−0.149, −0.011) |
−0.124** (−0.204, −0.045) |
| Age3 | 0.034** (0.014, 0.055) |
0.011 (−0.009, 0.031) |
0.006 (−0.024, 0.037) |
−0.009 (−0.044, 0.025) |
0.007 (−0.023, 0.036) |
0.032 (−0.012, 0.076) |
| ADHD (ref. Non-ADHD) | ||||||
| ADHD-HI | 0.006 (−0.018, 0.031) |
0.069** (0.026, 0.113) |
−0.020 (−0.080, 0.041) |
−0.047 (−0.109, 0.015) |
0.012 (−0.074, 0.099) |
−0.002 (−0.067, 0.064) |
| ADHD-I | 0.004 (−0.028, 0.037) |
0.065* (0.013, 0.117) |
0.054 (−0.015, 0.123) |
−0.020 (−0.119, 0.080) |
0.033 (−0.019, 0.086) |
0.083 (−0.021, 0.187) |
| ADHD-C | 0.032 (−0.009, 0.074) |
0.040* (0.002, 0.078) |
0.014 (−0.057, 0.085) |
−0.044 (−0.128, 0.040) |
0.039 (−0.092, 0.170) |
0.110* (0.017, 0.203) |
| ADHD × Age | ||||||
| ADHD-HI | −0.012 (−0.100, 0.076) |
0.001 (−0.115, 0.118) |
0.081 (−0.050, 0.211) |
0.151 (−0.048, 0.351) |
0.091 (−0.241, 0.423) |
−0.010 (−0.347, 0.326) |
| ADHD-I | 0.009 (−0.098, 0.116) |
−0.196* (−0.345, −0.048) |
0.005 (−0.160, 0.169) |
0.482*** (0.253, 0.711) |
0.110 (−0.152, 0.373) |
−0.166 (−0.423, 0.091) |
| ADHD-C | −0.008 (−0.097, 0.081) |
0.044 (−0.092, 0.180) |
−0.015 (−0.279, 0.248) |
0.136 (−0.096, 0.367) |
0.004 (−0.593, 0.602) |
0.327** (0.128, 0.525) |
| ADHD × Age2 | ||||||
| ADHD-HI | 0.066 (−0.088, 0.219) |
−0.014 (−0.255, 0.228) |
−0.096 (−0.318, 0.127) |
−0.295 (−0.778, 0.188) |
−0.080 (−0.605, 0.445) |
0.046 (−0.528, 0.621) |
| ADHD-I | 0.015 (−0.158, 0.188) |
0.372* (0.084, 0.660) |
−0.041 (−0.368, 0.286) |
−0.779*** (−1.210, −0.347) |
−0.227 (−0.643, 0.190) |
0.312 (−0.125, 0.750) |
| ADHD-C | 0.005 (−0.140, 0.150) |
−0.138 (−0.358, 0.082) |
0.094 (−0.417, 0.606) |
−0.238 (−0.662, 0.187) |
−0.016 (−1.008, 0.976) |
−0.659** (−1.095, −0.224) |
| ADHD × Age3 | ||||||
| ADHD-HI | −0.026 (−0.096, 0.045) |
0.019 (−0.104, 0.143) |
0.030 (−0.071, 0.131) |
0.143 (−0.123, 0.409) |
0.008 (−0.221, 0.237) |
−0.036 (−0.290, 0.217) |
| ADHD-I | −0.007 (−0.083, 0.069) |
−0.165* (−0.305, −0.025) |
0.001 (−0.169, 0.170) |
0.318** (0.108, 0.528) |
0.110 (−0.072, 0.292) |
−0.149 (−0.356, 0.057) |
| ADHD-C | −0.001 (−0.070, 0.068) |
0.076 (−0.025, 0.176) |
−0.031 (−0.319, 0.257) |
0.113 (−0.083, 0.309) |
−0.005 (−0.477, 0.468) |
0.279* (0.065, 0.494) |
| Chunk tests | ||||||
| Interaction effects | p = 0.096 | p = 0.126 | p = 0.292 | p = 0.131 | p = 0.832 | p = 0.040 |
ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-HI: the ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype; ADHD-I: the ADHD predominantly inattentive subtype; ADHD-C: ADHD combined, a combination of ADHD-HI and ADHD-I symptoms; PA: physical activity.
Models were adjusted for parental household income (low/middle/high), study region, smoking status, alcohol consumption, marijuana use, other drug use, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, screen time, overeating and depressive feelings, high education sample for AA, and ancestry and foreign-born status for HA.
p < 0.01;
p < 0.01;
p < 0.05;
p < 0.10