Table 2.

Z-Scores of Total and Task-Specific Cognitive Assessments of Older Mexicans Stratified by Age, Gender, and Cross-Section.

Variable	2001 Cross-section
	Men			Women			Overall	Raw Mean
	Age (years)		All Ages	Age (years)		All Ages
	60–69	70+		60–69	70+
Cognition Score	Mean Z-Scores
Total (0-80)***	−0.28	−0.76	−0.47	−0.39	−0.94	−0.60	−0.54	32.70
Tasks
Visuospatial Ability *** (raw score: 0-2)	0.07	−0.34	−0.10	−0.23	−0.69	−0.41	−0.26	1.53
Visuospatial Recall *** (raw score: 0-2)	−0.04	−0.36	−0.17	−0.34	−0.58	−0.43	−0.31	0.56
Verbal Learning *** (raw score: 0-8)	−0.19	−0.75	−0.41	−0.03	−0.61	−0.25	−0.32	4.51
Verbal Recall *** (raw score: 0-8)	−0.19	−0.59	−0.35	−0.01	−0.51	−0.20	−0.27	4.85
Visual Scanning *** (raw score: 0-60)	−0.24	−0.64	−0.40	−0.37	−0.84	−0.55	−0.48	21.25
Total Sample Size	1,507	969	2,476	1,809	1,036	2,845	5,321
Variable	2012 Cross-section
	Men			Women			Overall	Raw Mean
	Age (years)		All Ages	Age (years)		All Ages
	60–69	70+		60–69	70+
Cognition Score	Mean Z-Scores
Total (0-80)***	−0.01	−0.61	−0.23	−0.03	−0.69	−0.27	−0.25	37.51
Tasks
Visuospatial Ability *** (raw score: 0-2)	0.05	−0.12	−0.01	0.01	−0.38	−0.14	−0.08	1.83
Visuospatial Recall *** (raw score: 0-2)	0.15	−0.31	−0.03	0.05	−0.43	−0.12	−0.08	1.52
Verbal Learning *** (raw score: 0-8)	−0.04	−0.55	−0.23	0.19	−0.32	0.01	−0.11	4.65
Verbal Recall *** (raw score: 0-8)	−0.10	−0.48	−0.24	0.18	−0.24	0.03	−0.10	4.17
Visual Scanning *** (raw score: 0-60)	0.03	−0.52	−0.18	−0.04	−0.64	−0.25	−0.22	25.34
Total Sample Size	2,107	1,460	3,567	2,536	1,675	4,211	7,778

Note: Weighted data and unweighted sample size totals.

Significance:

^***p ≤ .001. Asterisks refer to Chi-square test for differences by gender in each cross-section and represent statistically significant differences in each of the four education categories.

Source: Authors’ own elaboration with data for older adults aged 60 years or older from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, Wave 1 (2001) and Wave 3 (2012)