. 2019 Apr 10;56(5):2373–2385. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03650-8

Table 1.

The phenolic components of olive fruits (mg/100 g)

Olive variety	Harvest Months	Gallic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (+)	(+)-Catechin	1,2-Dihydroxybenzene	Syringic acid	Caffeic acid	Routine trihydrate	p-coumaric acid
Ayvalık	1	7.18 ± 0.01*^cd	9.76 ± 0.00^defg	10.68 ± 0.00^ef	8.93 ± 0.01^fgh	2.67 ± 0.01^b	0.91 ± 0.00^cd	0.14 ± 0.00^c	0.04 ± 0.00^e
	2	11.14 ± 0.00^bcd**	5.42 ± 0.00^efg	23.88 ± 0.00^abcdef	19.72 ± 0.00^defgh	2.30 ± 0.00^b	2.10 ± 0.00^bcd	3.24 ± 0.00^c	0.24 ± 0.00^bcde
	3	14.54 ± 4.44^bcd	11.97 ± 3.32^bcdefg	8.46 ± 0.85^ef	6.21 ± 4.79^gh	5.92 ± 3.99^b	6.12 ± 5.77^abcd	3.50 ± 1.61^c	0.44 ± 0.03^bcde
	4	8.50 ± 5.77^cd	6.73 ± 0.92^defg	21.70 ± 1.78^bcdef	16.39 ± 0.33^efgh	4.61 ± 1.99^b	1.91 ± 1.77^bcd	0.81 ± 0.90^c	0.06 ± 0.00^de
	5	35.85 ± 0.35^a	29.74 ± 3.31^ab	52.45 ± 7.42^a	51.93 ± 22.73^abc	8.91 ± 0.49^b	3.79 ± 2.59^abcd	6.15 ± 2.08^abc	0.76 ± 0.32^abcde
Edremit	1	11.70 ± 5.74^bcd	11.79 ± 0.47^bcdefg	15.44 ± 0.25^cdef	9.35 ± 0.41^fgh	2.93 ± 0.64^b	1.41 ± 0.74^cd	2.57 ± 1.35^c	0.44 ± 0.04^bcde
	2	11.07 ± 1.26^bcd	14.77 ± 3.07^abcdefg	27.28 ± 0.62^abcdef	24.46 ± 1.10^cdefgh	7.80 ± 1.87^b	2.39 ± 0.01^abcd	4.07 ± 0.44^bc	0.56 ± 0.01^abcde
	3	10.96 ± 1.64^bcd	1.58 ± 0.42^g	3.08 ± 0.23^f	4.70 ± 0.28^gh	0.47 ± 0.07^b	0.43 ± 0.30^d	0.14 ± 0.00^c	0.07 ± 0.01^cde
	4	2.09 ± 1.88^d	4.09 ± 2.67^fg	5.05 ± 0.35^f	5.86 ± 1.67^gh	1.78 ± 1.36^b	0.57 ± 0.16^d	1.85 ± 1.43^c	0.17 ± 0.00^bcde
	5	21.62 ± 4.41^abc	24.98 ± 1.16^abcd	46.42 ± 3.65^ab	75.47 ± 14.95^a	20.74 ± 1.92^a	5.98 ± 1.30^abcd	12.61 ± 1.74^ab	0.63 ± 0.11^abcde
Gemlik	1	15.24 ± 0.45^bcd	27.12 ± 3.34^abc	29.15 ± 6.04^abcdef	49.74 ± 7.01^abcd	10.34 ± 0.71^b	14.03 ± 0.18^a	7.21 ± 0.04^abc	0.77 ± 0.21^abcde
	2	26.61 ± 3.92^ab	23.60 ± 0.17^abcde	42.16 ± 10.30^abc	35.66 ± 6.45^cdefg	9.26 ± 1.84^b	8.33 ± 5.02^abcd	7.38 ± 4.07^abc	0.85 ± 0.18^abcd
	3	5.52 ± 7.02^cd	15.86 ± 19.71^abcdefg	12.80 ± 15.96^def	11.97 ± 11.87^fgh	1.42 ± 1.53^b	0.92 ± 0.52^cd	0.17 ± 0.06^c	0.06 ± 0.07^de
	4	20.31 ± 8.78^abc	22.80 ± 1.73^abcdef	34.37 ± 17.35^abcde	33.91 ± 4.85^cdefg	9.85 ± 0.95^b	5.88 ± 1.24^abcd	6.54 ± 1.61^abc	0.32 ± 0.39^bcde
	5	21.35 ± 4.20^abc	32.09 ± 4.82^a	36.94 ± 7.35^abcde	13.02 ± 11.60^efgh	10.25 ± 0.35^b	9.97 ± 6.83^abcd	12.98 ± 4.61^a	0.52 ± 0.04^abcde
Memecik	1	18.23 ± 0.10^bcd	21.33 ± 2.36^abcdef	30.23 ± 1.57^abcdef	16.11 ± 4.29^efgh	7.36 ± 0.59^b	13.46 ± 0.40^ab	2.84 ± 0.31^c	0.89 ± 0.08^ab
	2	8.74 ± 4.86^cd	25.17 ± 0.64^abc	41.61 ± 3.75^abcd	44.52 ± 1.05^abcde	5.74 ± 5.18^b	4.92 ± 1.78^abcd	7.19 ± 0.27^abc	0.90 ± 0.17^ab
	3	11.21 ± 0.66^bcd	14.74 ± 0.00^abcdefg	31.36 ± 8.03^abcdef	25.84 ± 0.79^cdefgh	8.99 ± 0.89^b	5.93 ± 1.46^abcd	1.31 ± 0.42^c	1.30 ± 0.56^a
	4	13.78 ± 1.02^bcd	21.31 ± 6.26^abcdef	41.11 ± 11.61^abcd	14.53 ± 3.95^efgh	6.12 ± 3.25^b	12.67 ± 1.17^abc	8.26 ± 3.37^abc	0.78 ± 0.34^abcde
	5	19.86 ± 2.74^abc	16.25 ± 1.63^abcdefg	25.41 ± 2.42^abcdef	22.09 ± 6.21^cdefgh	6.40 ± 2.12^b	2.85 ± 0.18^abcd	3.77 ± 1.09^bc	0.48 ± 0.10^bcde
Tavşan Yüreği	1	11.54 ± 1.81^bcd	12.17 ± 4.31^bcdefg	21.62 ± 4.30^bcdef	39.83 ± 5.05^bcdef	5.67 ± 4.40^b	3.02 ± 2.26^abcd	0.14 ± 0.08^c	0.07 ± 0.01^de
	2	13.20 ± 0.54^bcd	24.10 ± 2.18^abcde	10.67 ± 8.36^ef	1.87 ± 1.27^h	6.02 ± 4.58^b	4.25 ± 5.25^abcd	3.75 ± 4.26^bc	0.65 ± 0.20^abcde
	3	11.47 ± 0.33^bcd	24.99 ± 0.10^abcd	22.39 ± 4.40^bcdef	10.43 ± 12.41^fgh	4.71 ± 0.07^b	2.58 ± 2.12^abcd	0.93 ± 0.05^c	0.87 ± 0.17^abc
	4	10.49 ± 1.09^bcd	23.58 ± 3.42^abcde	30.52 ± 3.76^abcdef	9.36 ± 8.40^fgh	8.09 ± 0.27^b	12.13 ± 5.81^abcd	12.60 ± 5.54^ab	0.55 ± 0.10^abcde
	5	17.44 ± 9.25^bcd	33.11 ± 0.81^a	28.97 ± 10.62^abcdef	68.00 ± 6.11^ab	8.61 ± 6.24^b	3.18 ± 3.19^abcd	2.85 ± 1.12^c	0.79 ± 0.23^abcde

Olive	Months	t-ferulic acid	Apigenin 7 glycoside	Oleuropein	Quercetin	t-cinnamic acid	Naringenin	Kaempherol	Isorhamnetin
Ayvalık	1	0.42 ± 0.00*^bc	0.38 ± 0.00^e	0.06 ± 0.00^d	0.40 ± 0.00^a	0.04 ± 0.00^c	0.42 ± 0.00^e	0.64 ± 0.00^f	1.02 ± 0.00^h
	2	4.04 ± 0.00^abc**	4.04 ± 0.00^abcde	0.55 ± 0.00^d	8.78 ± 0.00^a	0.11 ± 0.00^bc	1.06 ± 0.00^de	1.23 ± 0.00^def	2.04 ± 0.00^defgh
	3	0.84 ± 0.66^bc	0.60 ± 0.10^de	0.48 ± 0.39^d	1.35 ± 0.47^a	0.26 ± 0.08^bc	0.39 ± 0.03^e	0.92 ± 0.10^f	1.07 ± 0.04^h
	4	0.26 ± 0.14^bc	0.53 ± 0.41^e	0.36 ± 0.31^d	0.97 ± 0.04^a	0.05 ± 0.03^c	0.58 ± 0.03^e	1.04 ± 0.19^f	1.11 ± 0.16^gh
	5	9.43 ± 7.23^abc	5.32 ± 1.41^abcde	1.60 ± 0.3^abcd	6.06 ± 2.49^a	0.63 ± 0.13^bc	1.41 ± 0.13^de	4.56 ± 0,45^bcdef	5.80 ± 0.08^abcdef
Edremit	1	0.69 ± 0.29^bc	0.48 ± 0.00^e	0.14 ± 0.06^d	1.98 ± 0.28^a	0.28 ± 0.08^bc	0.76 ± 0.01^e	1.85 ± 0.52^def	2.81 ± 0.61^cdefgh
	2	5.35 ± 0.16^abc	3.60 ± 0.62^bcde	0.89 ± 0.01^cd	3.47 ± 1.29^a	0.10 ± 0.08^bc	1.46 ± 0.39^de	1.03 ± 0.53^f	1.17 ± 0.38^gh
	3	0.13 ± 0.09^c	0.32 ± 0.04^e	0.14 ± 0.06^d	2.50 ± 0.71^a	0.10 ± 0.01^bc	0.48 ± 0.39^e	1.77 ± 0.25^def	1.10 ± 0.05^h
	4	0.77 ± 0.00^bc	0.92 ± 0.12^cde	0.11 ± 0.03^d	0.57 ± 0.40^a	0.07 ± 0.02^bc	0.30 ± 0.21^e	1.19 ± 0.05^ef	1.11 ± 0.41^gh
	5	10.09 ± 1.54^ab	7.73 ± 0.27^ab	1.45 ± 0.43^bcd	1.64 ± 0.00^a	0.71 ± 0.06^bc	3.71 ± 0.58^abcde	4.18 ± 0.45^cdef	6.34 ± 0.06^abcd
Gemlik	1	5.03 ± 0.33^abc	3.05 ± 1.03^bcde	1.00 ± 0.17^cd	6.49 ± 0.07^a	0.48 ± 0.10^bc	3.19 ± 0.16^bcde	3.13 ± 1.09^cdef	8.37 ± 0.83^ab
	2	0.46 ± 0.40^bc	0.40 ± 0.36^e	0.17 ± 0.03^d	0.78 ± 0.41^a	0.05 ± 0.01^bc	0.31 ± 0.13^e	1.31 ± 0.44^def	1.35 ± 0.01^abc
	3	0.16 ± 0.03^c	0.40 ± 0.36^e	0.17 ± 0.03^d	0.78 ± 0.41^a	0.05 ± 0.01^bc	0.31 ± 0.13^e	1.31 ± 0.44^def	1.35 ± 0.01^fgh
	4	6.82 ± 2.26^abc	7.37 ± 2.81^ab	1.66 ± 0.74^abcd	3.92 ± 0.14^a	0.90 ± 0.07^bc	0.99 ± 0.61^e	3.85 ± 0.86^cdef	5.32 ± 0.96^abcdefgh
	5	6.12 ± 0.14^abc	5.88 ± 0.03^abcd	2.15 ± 0.22^abcd	6.49 ± 0.52^a	0.84 ± 0.02^bc	3.02 ± 1.33^bcde	6.85 ± 0.33^bc	4.63 ± 1.03^bcdefgh
Memecik	1	2.97 ± 0.47^bc	1.08 ± 0.69^cde	3.15 ± 0.35^abc	1.84 ± 0.05^a	0.60 ± 0.01^bc	4.82 ± 1.84^abcd	8.70 ± 1.70^b	6.12 ± 0.93^abcde
	2	9.03 ± 1.60^abc	8.27 ± 0.92^ab	1.53 ± 0.05^bcd	4.22 ± 0.08^a	0.73 ± 0.00^bc	2.70 ± 0.74^cde	4.69 ± 0.83^bcdef	4.39 ± 0.01^bcdefgh
	3	5.63 ± 4.77^abc	3.98 ± 2.88^bcde	3.98 ± 0.00^a	3.73 ± 1.91^a	0.60 ± 0.04^bc	1.69 ± 1.09^de	3.87 ± 0.24^cdef	5.27 ± 0.18^abcdefgh
	4	7.39 ± 4.43^abc	7.78 ± 0.79^ab	2.23 ± 0.04^abcd	3.36 ± 1.41^a	0.94 ± 0.67^a	0.99 ± 1.34^e	2.67 ± 0.69^def	2.66 ± 1.16^cdefgh
	5	2.13 ± 0.36^bc	4.44 ± 1.84^abcde	1.20 ± 0.19^cd	3.50 ± 0.62^a	0.32 ± 0.08^b	0.73 ± 0.11^e	0.97 ± 0.54^f	1.57 ± 0.18^efgh
Tavşan Yüreği	1	0.45 ± 0.50^bc	0.51 ± 0.11^e	0.30 ± 0.24^d	3.09 ± 0.86^a	0.52 ± 0.56^bc	3.98 ± 0.34^abcde	4.13 ± 0.64^cdef	2.33 ± 0.18^defgh
	2	7.91 ± 0.49^abc	8.24 ± 1.84^ab	1.63 ± 0.35^abcd	3.25 ± 0.72^a	4.44 ± 1.95^bc	7.14 ± 0.76^a	18.11 ± 3.78^a	9.48 ± 1.84^a
	3	4.39 ± 2.50^abc	5.46 ± 1,98^sbcde	3.68 ± 2.18^ab	5.94 ± 0.06^a	1.84 ± 0.11	5.60 ± 0.48^abc	4.66 ± 0.25	8.90 ± 1.07^ab
	4	8.52 ± 4.55^abc	6.17 ± 2,93^abc	1.82 ± 0.71^abcd	11.74 ± 12.64^a	1.02 ± 0.06	6.81 ± 0.04^ab	5.36 ± 0.03	5.81 ± 3.78^abcdef
	5	13.18 ± 3.54^a	9.30 ± 0,82^a	3.82 ± 1.39^ab	6.33 ± 4.48^a	0.94 ± 0.40	6.44 ± 3.28^abc	5.19 ± 1.74	5.68 ± 1.81^abcdefg

*The data show mean (n:3) ± standard deviation

**The different letters in the same column show statistically significant differences according to the Tukey test (p < 0.01)