. 2019 Apr 10;56(5):2373–2385. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03650-8

Table 2.

The phenolic components of olive leaves (mg/100 g)

Olive variety	Months	Gallic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (+)	(+)-Catechin	1,2-Dihydroxybenzene	Syrinic acid	Caffeic acid	Routine trihydrate	p-coumaric acid
Ayvalık	1	90.00 ± 6.15*^ab	170.70 ± 23.33^ab	80.18 ± 83.47^cd	264.90 ± 98.43^ab	64.20 ± 15.70^abcd	74.78 ± 56.53^a	3.54 ± 2.65^b	8.00 ± 4.21^b
	2	82.28 ± 4.35^ab**	56.93 ± 29.59^bcde	219.60 ± 33.09^abcd	132.53 ± 33.41^bcd	40.20 ± 13.58^bcd	18.68 ± 1.38^a	9.59 ± 5.26^b	6.10 ± 7.04^b
	3	95.25 ± 5.30^ab	128.55 ± 13.36^abcde	216.60 ± 2.97^abcd	179.10 ± 112.43^abcd	26.63 ± 0.53^bcd	33.60 ± 16.12^a	3.44 ± 0.26^b	49.05 ± 35.21^a
	4	96.08 ± 6.26^ab	90.75 ± 35.64^abcde	153.75 ± 13.36^abcd	124.13 ± 19.20^bcd	116.33 ± 41.90^a	27.75 ± 12.73^a	31.88 ± 18.99^ab	9.97 ± 5.16^b
	5	89.33 ± 49.53^ab	20.10 ± 15.48^de	16.33 ± 3.00^d	12.39 ± 3.45^d	1.73 ± 1.46^d	1.41 ± 0.46^a	5.17 ± 4.86^b	2.96 ± 0.88^b
Edremit	1	80.25 ± 69.58^ab	163.20 ± 40.31^ab	16.71 ± 10.31^d	6.18 ± 6.92^d	5.19 ± 1.27^cd	2.92 ± 2.79^a	2.07 ± 0.79^b	0.78 ± 0.69^b
	2	72.45 ± 25.24^ab	11.48 ± 6.03^e	19.95 ± 12.31^d	14.71 ± 11.01^d	4.81 ± 0.29^cd	2.07 ± 0.66^a	0.54 ± 0.04^b	0.44 ± 0.13^b
	3	120.98 ± 0.95^a	116.18 ± 5.41^abcde	52.95 ± 27.79^cd	40.73 ± 24.71^cd	54.60 ± 28.64^abcd	4.01 ± 1.66^a	1.62 ± 0.04^b	0.56 ± 0.45^b
	4	92.03 ± 1899^ab	97.28 ± 72.44^abcde	248.18 ± 111.26^abc	228.38 ± 62.05^abc	45.30 ± 19.09^bcd	38.10 ± 7.42^a	36.68 ± 14.53^ab	3.27 ± 2.00^b
	5	116.03 ± 26.62^ab	139.65 ± 3.82^abcde	235.58 ± 14.32^abc	178.95 ± 76.79^abcd	33.68 ± 19.62^bcd	42.38 ± 7.11^a	21.45 ± 25.88^ab	8.97 ± 5.91^b
Gemlik	1	115.43 ± 12.83^ab	207.38 ± 102.78^a	315.75 ± 63.64^a	244.88 ± 88.57^ab	18.76 ± 9.95^bcd	12.00 ± 0.23^a	36.08 ± 11.56^ab	3.56 ± 3.79^b
	2	85.58 ± 8.59^ab	90.90 ± 18.24^abcde	52.20 ± 48.79^cd	178.65 ± 7.21^abcd	34.80 ± 0.85^bcd	24.15 ± 7.85^a	5.76 ± 0.18^b	0.81 ± 0.01^b
	3	9.10 ± 1.49^b	27.38 ± 9.86^cde	24.90 ± 4.03^d	6.17 ± 2.33^d	10.08 ± 0.90^cd	10.00 ± 1.80^a	0.77 ± 0.61^b	0.34 ± 0.11^b
	4	82.20 ± 13.58^ab	152.70 ± 21.00^abcd	231.23 ± 97.05^abc	263.18 ± 80.93^ab	32.70 ± 7.64^bcd	37.20 ± 0.00^a	1.50 ± 1.45^b	0.43 ± 0.30^b
	5	81.98 ± 5.20^ab	181.05 ± 14.21^ab	164.18 ± 2.44^abcd	191.78 ± 35.53^abcd	35.03 ± 13.89^bcd	19.06 ± 7.83^a	5.12 ± 1.03^b	5.86 ± 0.56^b
Memecik	1	84.98 ± 12.62^ab	196.58 ± 6.89^a	318.38 ± 69.90^a	26.43 ± 4.14^ab	18.90 ± 16.12^bcd	7.19 ± 0.07^a	9.29 ± 4.73^b	14.22 ± 0.16^b
	2	144.83 ± 78.59^a	122.25 ± 31.18^abcde	329.03 ± 4.77^a	266.70 ± 15.70^ab	59.25 ± 7.64^abcd	72.15 ± 47.94^a	29.33 ± 13.47^ab	4.52 ± 1.00^b
	3	93.90 ± 4.03^ab	156.90 ± 43.49^abc	166.95 ± 5.73^abcd	189.60 ± 4.03^abcd	71.55 ± 8.06^abc	85.05 ± 25.67^a	18.46 ± 16.32^ab	7.41 ± 1.45^b
	4	125.48 ± 27.47^a	181.35 ± 12.52^ab	158.18 ± 19.41^abcd	155.93 ± 22.38^abcd	85.35 ± 18.03^ab	42.23 ± 2.65^a	63.83 ± 44.87^a	5.74 ± 0.23^b
	5	110.48 ± 23.44^ab	140.48 ± 6.05^abcde	180.00 ± 33.73^abcd	32.93 ± 5.20^d	52.80 ± 30.97^abcd	57.30 ± 59.40^a	18.98 ± 3.92^ab	3.33 ± 2.42^b
Tavşan Yüreği	1	98.93 ± 2.65^ab	179.70 ± 17.39^ab	301.20 ± 105.01^ab	334.73 ± 2.23^a	70.43 ± 5.41^abc	66.90 ± 52.40^a	46.95 ± 0.42^ab	8.13 ± 8.78^b
	2	88.05 ± 8.06^ab	151.20 ± 35.64^abcd	165.08 ± 79.87^abcd	97.13 ± 25.14^bcd	68.55 ± 2.55^abcd	23.18 ± 6.68^a	24.68 ± 11.56^ab	6.45 ± 3.45^b
	3	141.45 ± 3.18^a	169.88 ± 4.99^ab	104.70 ± 39.67^bcd	108.60 ± 8.49^bcd	56.93 ± 27.05^abcd	6.21 ± 1.53^a	15.45 ± 12.09^ab	5.17 ± 0.67^b
	4	68.03 ± 3.71^ab	99.38 ± 27.68^abcde	102.08 ± 11.14^bcd	137.63 ± 33.20^bcd	50.55 ± 12.09^abcd	18.30 ± 1.48^a	29.10 ± 4.88^ab	3.61 ± 0.79^b
	5	109.20 ± 15.27^ab	162.75 ± 13.15^ab	297.98 ± 2.86^ab	338.78 ± 27.68^a	32.40 ± 10.60^bcd	36.15 ± 7.64^a	36.83 ± 3.92^ab	10.53 ± 0.37^b

Olive	Months	t-ferulic acid	Apigenin 7 glycoside	Oleuropein	Quercetin	t-cinnamic acid	Naringenin	Kaempherol	Isorhamnetin
Ayvalık	1	73.65 ± 13.15*^a	10.83 ± 10.14^c	18.00 ± 0.00^bcd	142.88 ± 16.44^bcd	40.95 ± 0.21^cde	44.40 ± 0.85^def	48.08 ± 5.4^1cd	43.80 ± 8.70^c
	2	2.68 ± 1.31^c**	1.55 ± 0.19^c	0.82 ± 0.00^d	28.62 ± 28.68^de	2.07 ± 0.54^f	7.34 ± 2.24^f	16.58 ± 0.95^d	23.70 ± 4.67^c
	3	3.86 ± 3.77^c	6.75 ± 6.30^c	13.33 ± 3.00^cd	22.81 ± 21.63^de	31.95 ± 23.55^cdef	22.28 ± 3.50^ef	127.05 ± 134.28^cd	45.15 ± 0.85^c
	4	52.13 ± 21.96^abc	37.65 ± 0.85^bc	43.58 ± 34.05^abc	241.80 ± 44.55^ab	3.12 ± 2.25^f	29.40 ± 15.27^ef	43.58 ± 15.17^cd	49.43 ± 3.29^c
	5	2.76 ± 1.58^c	9.35 ± 6.18^c	3.91 ± 1.02^d	30.38 ± 9.23^de	0.73 ± 0.15^f	3.09 ± 1.30^f	4.95 ± 2.04^d	26.40 ± 9.76^c
Edremit	1	1.57 ± 0.48^c	1.27 ± 0.88^c	1.83 ± 0.65^d	46.51 ± 58.75^cde	3.73 ± 0.85^f	41.40 ± 36.91^def	70.58 ± 67.35^cd	75.90 ± 77.22^bc
	2	4.19 ± 4.21^c	6.89 ± 3.11^c	3.33 ± 3.13^d	8.22 ± 7.92^e	8.98 ± 9.37^ef	47.40 ± 9.12^def	30.08 ± 15.80^cd	32.55 ± 2.33^c
	3	6.66 ± 4.23^bc	7.26 ± 6.05^c	2.21 ± 1.11^d	27.15 ± 5.94^de	66.90 ± 12.73^bc	117.75 ± 2.12^c	434.33 ± 49.32^b	77.70 ± 5.52^bc
	4	9.00 ± 4.46^bc	80.55 ± 21.00^ab	3.53 ± 0.07^d	32.10 ± 10.61^de	0.58 ± 0.35^f	5.70 ± 0.77^f	3.91 ± 2.50^d	9.05 ± 2.26^c
	5	45.83 ± 25.77^abc	6.48 ± 0.51^c	69.60 ± 5.73^a	45.83 ± 7.32^cde	0.49 ± 0.26^f	2.87 ± 1.37^f	4.12 ± 0.09^d	6.63 ± 0.23^c
Gemlik	1	40.50 ± 31.82^abc	15.08 ± 9.01^bc	51.90 ± 15.06^ab	124.43 ± 15.59^bcde	7.59 ± 0.42^ef	65.40 ± 25.03^cdef	79.43 ± 0.11^cd	104.78 ± 16.23^bc
	2	2.31 ± 0.15^c	1.97 ± 0.69^c	4.76 ± 3.16^d	12.87 ± 1.48^e	2.25 ± 0.99^f	18.60 ± 2.97^ef	22.80 ± 2.33^d	31.88 ± 7.32^c
	3	3.19 ± 1.53^c	2.27 ± 1.06^c	5.65 ± 0.71^d	26.39 ± 17.19^de	6.51 ± 0.64^ef	4.59 ± 1.41^f	19.73 ± 3.08^d	25.05 ± 1.91^c
	4	71.63 ± 38.50^a	7.06 ± 2.73^c	6.23 ± 7.30^d	2.29 ± 2.09^e	14.01 ± 3.31^ef	16.39 ± 8.86^ef	28.50 ± 16.55^cd	8.21 ± 3.11^c
	5	4.86 ± 5.09^c	8.63 ± 10.71^c	4.93 ± 5.41^d	40.73 ± 21.96^cde	9.53 ± 13.25^ef	19.43 ± 5.20^ef	7.70 ± 5.77^d	5.85 ± 4.59^c
Memecik	1	77.10 ± 30.76^a	61.13 ± 9.02^bc	8.01 ± 4.31^cd	28.58 ± 18.35^de	51.90 ± 1.27^cd	405.15 ± 3.18^a	119.93 ± 1.17^cd	89.33 ± 9.44^bc
	2	62.85 ± 2.33^abc	146.03 ± 66.29^a	12.69 ± 5.17^cd	25.73 ± 0.95^de	8.29 ± 0.18^ef	11.02 ± 3.55^ef	30.30 ± 8.49^cd	37.80 ± 25.24^c
	3	9.07 ± 6.93^bc	45.45 ± 1.06^bc	31.95 ± 15.70^bcd	101.85 ± 98.00^abc	24.38 ± 11.77^def	101.10 ± 54.73^cd	139.73 ± 56.75^cd	150.45 ± 78.06^ab
	4	62.85 ± 5.73^abc	51.30 ± 14.21^bc	20.24 ± 10.19^bcd	162.23 ± 55.47^abc	5.83 ± 1.25^ef	24.15 ± 9.12^ef	37.43 ± 1.59^cd	28.50 ± 1.91^c
	5	3.66 ± 2.18^c	5.68 ± 3.42^c	6.91 ± 4.22^d	59.48 ± 24.08^cde	1.87 ± 1.29^f	6.33 ± 1.00^f	29.03 ± 13.05^cd	5.89 ± 3.16^c
Tavşan Yüreği	1	6.51 ± 8.33^bc	42.75 ± 3.82^bc	6.40 ± 3.21^d	273.60 ± 19.52^a	24.90 ± 1.48^def	77.70 ± 11.46^cde	59.55 ± 17.18^cd	55.88 ± 3.71^bc
	2	79.05 ± 20.58^a	47.40 ± 5.73^bc	4.24 ± 4.15^d	131.63 ± 26.83^bcde	109.20 ± 12.52^a	110.18 ± 29.17^cd	227.78 ± 52.50^c	84.23 ± 22.59^bc
	3	19.15 ± 6.86^abc	57.83 ± 34.05^bc	11.17 ± 3.27^cd	97.88 ± 43.17^cde	94.88 ± 23.44^ab	277.50 ± 28.00^b	886.58 ± 164.51^a	241.65 ± 53.88^a
	4	75.98 ± 17.71^a	8.91 ± 8.08^c	15.75 ± 1.06^bcd	22.51 ± 14.84^de	1.01 ± 0.17^f	2.97 ± 1.92^f	10.51 ± 0.19^d	5.21 ± 0.94^c
	5	68.63 ± 3.92^ab	58.95 ± 17.61^bc	18.68 ± 0.11^bcd	78.98 ± 10.92^cde	3.89 ± 0.58^f	26.70 ± 2.12^ef	53.25 ± 7.85^cd	33.00 ± 0.00^c

*The data show mean (n:3) ± standard deviation

**The different letters in the same column show statistically significant differences according to the Tukey test (p < 0.01)