Table 2.
The descriptive statistics of the participants according to their BMI is shown. Obesity grade II and III are merged
| Normal BMI (N = 72) | Overweight (N = 65) | Obesity class I (N =77) | Obesity class II-III (N = 50) | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 34.3 a | 9.8 | 43.8 b | 8.9 | 44.2 b | 10.6 | 43.0 b | 8.9 |
| Weight (kg) | 63.4 a | 10.1 | 80.1 b | 9.1 | 95.7 c | 12.5 | 118.0 d | 16.9 |
| Height (cm) | 169.8 a | 7.9 | 169.3 a | 8.4 | 171.8 a | 9.9 | 172.2 a | 8.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.86 a | 2.11 | 27.86 b | 1.26 | 32.30 c | 1.49 | 39.73 d | 4.42 |
| WC (cm) | 81.7 a | 7.5 | 95.7 b | 8.4 | 106.0 c | 7.9 | 122.1 d | 10.6 |
| WC/Height | 0.48 a | 0.04 | 0.57 b | 0.05 | 0.62 c | 0.05 | 0.71 d | 0.06 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 109.6 a | 15.7 | 122.2 b | 14.6 | 133.0 c | 17.1 | 135.7 c | 16.7 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.0 a | 9.5 | 80.3 b | 8.4 | 86.7 c | 10.0 | 90.2 c | 10.9 |
| % FM (%) | 23.4 a | 6.2 | 33.0 b | 6.8 | 35.7 c | 7.2 | 42.2 d | 7.0 |
| Serum 25(OH) D (nmol/L) | 48.80 a | 25.91 | 37.82 b | 21.10 | 35.62 b | 21.41 | 27.15 c | 15.35 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.06 a | 0.61 | 5.65 b | 0.70 | 5.82 b | 1.15 | 6.14 b | 1.67 |
| T-Chol (mmol/L) | 4.99 a | 0.86 | 5.08 ac | 0.98 | 5.40 bc | 1.06 | 5.28 a | 0.98 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.72 a | 0.47 | 1.17 b | 0.56 | 1.66 c | 0.93 | 1.70 c | 0.89 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.71 a | 0.94 | 3.17 b | 0.80 | 3.35 b | 0.98 | 3.48 b | 0.81 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.89 a | 0.50 | 1.37 b | 0.36 | 1.19 c | 0.33 | 1.18 c | 0.30 |
| LDL-C / HDL-C | 1.61 a | 0.93 | 2.47 b | 0.87 | 3.00 c | 1.14 | 3.16 c | 1.15 |
| T-Chol/HDL-C | 2.84 a | 1.05 | 3.94 b | 1.10 | 4.83 c | 1.45 | 4.83 c | 1.53 |
| Plasma insulin (μIU/mL) | 5.23 | 2.41 | 8.58 | 6.96 | 10.58 | 6.75 | 18.86 | 23.93 |
| HOMA-IR index | 1.14 | 0.69 | 2.32 | 2.35 | 2.99 | 2.31 | 5.83 | 9.76 |
The same upper-case letter in the horizontal line represents no significant difference, while different letters suggest significant differences between BMI subgroups (p≤0.05). The bold letters highlight the presence of statistical significance.