Table 4.
Multidrug resistance patterns of bacterial pneumonia from pneumonia suspected HIV patients in ART clinics of Mekelle zone, Northern Ethiopia, August-December 2016.
| Bacterial Isolates | Antibiotics | Total | |||||
| Ro | R1 | R2 | R3 | ≥ R4 | MDR | ||
|
| |||||||
| K. pneumoniae | 9(34.6) | 7(30) | 8(30.8) | 1(3.8) | 1(3.8) | 2(7.7) | 26(100) |
| E. coli | 9(56.3) | 3(18.7) | 2(12.5) | 0(.00) | 2(12.5) | 2(12.5) | 16(100) |
| Klebsiella spp. | 13(86.6) | 1(6.7) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 1(6.7) | 1(6.7) | 15(100) |
| Citrobacter freundii | 4(57.1) | 1(14.3) | 0(.00) | 1(14.3) | 1(14.3) | 2(28.6) | 7(100) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 3(42.9) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 4(57.1) | 0(.00) | 4(57.1) | 7(100) |
| Proteus spp. | 2(50) | 1(25) | 1(25) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 4(100) |
| P. aeruginosa | 3(75) | 1(25) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | NA | 4(100) |
| H. influenzae | 0(.00) | 2(100) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | NA | 2(100) |
| S. pneumoniae | 2(11.8) | 4(23.5) | 10(58.8) | 1(5.9) | 0(.00) | NA | 17(100) |
| S. aureus | 3(33.4) | 1(11.1) | 2(22.2) | 1(11.1) | 2(22.2) | 4(44.4)a | 9(100) |
| S. pyogenes | 0(.00) | 0(.00) | 2(66.7) | 1(33.3) | 0(.00) | NA | 3(100) |
|
| |||||||
| Total | 48(43.6) | 21(19.1) | 25(22.7) | 9(8.2) | 7(6.4) | 15(17.9)b | 110(100) |
R0: susceptible to all, R1: resistance to one, R2: resistance to two, R3: resistance to three, and ≥ R4: resistance to four and more antibiotics. MDR= multidrug resistance. aPercent is computed from the total number of S. aureus;bpercent is computed from a total number of isolates, based on which MDR definition is applied.