Table 2.
Modifications of antioxidant enzymes in bladder cancer patients and controls.
| Biochemical markers | Samples | Enzyme activities and levels | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) | Tissue BC tissue (n = 75) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 30) |
SOD positive (%) 49.3% vs. 80% (p = 0.007) |
[35] |
| BC tissue (n = 25) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 15) | SOD activity (IU/mg) 0.0715 ± 0.0056 vs. 0.1407 ± 0.0134 (p < 0.0001) |
[36] | |
| BC tissues (n = 25) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 26) | SOD activity (U/mg) 40 vs. 80 |
[37] | |
| BC tissue (n = 36) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 9) | SOD activity (U/mg prot) 16.5 ± 4.5 vs. 1.49 ± 0.61 (p < 0.05) |
[38] | |
| Serum BC patients (n = 50) vs. controls (n = 50) |
SOD activity (U/mL) 149.14 ± 29.65 vs. 201 ± 31.4 (p < 0.001) |
[39] | |
| BC patients (n = 50) vs. controls (n = 40) | 28.49 ± 14.03 vs. 194.0 ± 28.48 (p < 0.001) | [40] | |
|
| |||
| Catalase (CAT) | Tissue BC tissue (n = 75) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 30) |
CAT positive (%) 44% vs. 73.3 % (p = 0.012) |
[35] |
| BC tissue (n = 25) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 15) | CAT activity (IU/mg) 6.220 ± 0.991 vs. 11.651 ± 3.684 (p < 0.0001) |
[36] | |
| BC tissue (n = 36) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 9) | CAT activity (IU/mg) 33.7 ± 11.5 vs. 60.2 ± 26.9 (p < 0.01) |
[38] | |
| Serum BC patients (n = 50) vs. controls (n = 50) |
CAT activity (u/L) 10.4 ± 2.4 vs. 20 ± 4.3 (p < 0.001) |
[39] | |
|
| |||
| Glutathione peroxide (GTPx) | Tissue BC tissue (n = 75) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 30) |
GTPx positive (%) 45.3% vs. 63.3 % (p = 0.146) |
[35] |
| BC tissue (n = 25) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 15) | GTPx activity (IU/mg) 0.232 ± 0.009 vs. 0.523 ± 0.034 (p < 0.0001) |
[36] | |
| BC tissue (n = 25) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 26) | GTPx activity (U/g) 35 vs. 85 |
[37] | |
| Serum BC patients (n = 50) vs. controls (n = 50) |
GTPx activity (U/L) 131.00 ± 14.46 vs. 170 ± 28 (p < 0.001) |
[39] | |
| BC patients (n = 50) vs. controls (n = 40) | 1693.09 ± 544.01 vs. 6906 ± 847 (p < 0.001) | [40] | |
| Erythrocyte Grade III BC patients (n = 22) vs. controls (n = 23) |
GTPx activity (U/g Hb) 4 vs. 5 (p < 0.001) |
[43] | |
|
| |||
| Glutathione (GSH) | Tissue BC tissue (n = 7) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 14) |
GSH levels (μM/mg) 1.345 ± 1.252 vs. 7.887 ± 6.176 (p < 0.001) |
[42] |
| BC tissues (n = 25) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 26) | GSH levels (mg/mL) 35 vs. 75 |
[37] | |
|
| |||
| Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) | Serum BC patients (n = 56) vs. controls (n = 57) |
PON1 paraoxonase activity (U/L) 103.35 ± 41.44 vs. 137.63 ± 53.37 (p = 0.0001) PON1 arylesterase activity (U/L) 131.83 ± 39.94 vs. 168.82 ± 37.34 (p = 0.0001) |
[47] |
| BC patients (n = 29) vs. controls (n = 61) | PON1 paraoxonase activity (U/L) 239.1 (116.6–457.4) vs. 253.1 (149.5–434.7) |
[48] | |
| BC patients (n = 29) vs. controls (n = 61) | PON1 concentration (mg/L) 70.6 (18.2–185.2) vs. 101.6 (52.9–325.1) |
||
|
| |||
| Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) | Tissue BC tissues (n = 17) vs. normal bladder tissue (n = 17) |
PON2 expression levels: 2.01-fold higher in BC tissue vs. normal tissue (p < 0.05) |
[49] |
| BC tissues vs. normal bladder tissue | PON2 expression levels: 4.01-fold higher BC tissue vs. normal tissue (p < 0.05) |
[44] | |